工业废水污泥的热解及升温速率对热解的影响

利用热重分析法对印染、中药和废水处理厂3种典型工业废水污泥进行了热解动力学实验研究。结果表明,工业污泥是一种高挥发分、低固定碳和低热值的劣质燃料。经过消化处理的污泥灰分含量较高,挥发分含量变小。热解过程中有3个失重速率较高的阶段,以挥发分的析出为主。升温速率对热解的最终失重率有重要影响。升温速率增加,热解更剧烈,但最终失重率的变化趋势与污泥种类有关;为使热解效果更好,不同种类的污泥应选择不同的升温速率。不同种类的污泥具有不同的热解特性,印染污泥挥发分析出阶段有2次热解。中药污泥活化能最小,印染污泥挥发分第2次热解的活化能比第1次大幅增加。     

福建龙岩可持续发展实验区规划探讨及实践

可持续发展实验区总体规划是区域规划的一种特殊类型。通过对可持续发展实验区及其总体规划的理解和认识,文章指出地方可持续发展实验区总体规划的编制思路应当回归到问题指向型的出发点上来。规划编制思路应当紧密结合宏观经济发展环境、社会事业新要求以及全球环境变化压力等背景,从地区人地关系的突出问题入手,制定实验区可持续发展战略,并通过重点项目落实到规划实施中,使可持续发展实验区总体规划体现实验、探索、示范、创新的作用。文章以福建龙岩可持续发展实验区总体规划编制的实践经验为例,对规划编制思路进行探讨。     

水培彩叶草抑制藻类繁殖的试验研究

通过人为控制光照、温度和培养液体积栽种水培彩叶草(简称彩叶草),并对彩叶草的抑藻能力进行测定,分析了彩叶草抑藻过程中营养物质浓度变化,并与凤眼莲的抑藻效果进行对比.结果表明,在不同培养条件下,彩叶草均能明显抑制藻类的过度生长;在保持培养液营养物质自然变化的条件下,栽种彩叶草与不栽种彩叶草培养液的营养物质浓度均直线下降,...     

废旧线路板次氯酸盐法浸金的实验研究

研究了酸性条件NaClO-HCl和碱性条件NaClO-NaOH下浸出废旧线路板中的金.通过正交设计优化实验比较发现,NaClO-NaOH碱性体系浸金较有优势,其最佳的浸金条件为NaClO浓度6 mol/L,NaOH浓度8 mol/L,固液比l∶6,反应时间40 min,金的浸出率可达到94.5%.次氯酸盐浸金具有浸金效...     

Emission and burnt smell characteristics from combustion experiments with defined materials

Typical burnt smell often results from fire accidents or in general from incomplete combustion. Recently, eleven compounds were identified, which are basically responsible for this odour. When analyzing residual materials from different fire accidents, the pattern that means the relative ratios of these compounds among each other varies strongly, although always causing a burnt smelling. Consequently, lab-scale combustion experiments were performed in order to investigate the influence of defined materials from domestic environment on the burnt-smell fingerprints. Furthermore, the occurrence of other polar and higher molecular combustion products was studied. It was found that under good combustion conditions, the burnt smell patterns resulting from the single materials were astonishingly consistent, mostly dominated by methylphenols or naphthalene. No correlation could be found between these ‘fingerprints’ and combustion product groups identified by GC/MS-screenings. LC/MS/MS-measurements especially pointed at the existence of higher molecular weight phenolic and acidic functionalized compounds in the combustion residues.     

Fate of atrazine in a soil under different agronomic management practices

Agricultural management affects the movement of atrazine in soil and leaching to groundwater. The objective of this study was to determine atrazine adsorption in a soil after 20 years of atrazine application under agronomic management practices differing in tillage practice (conventional and zero tillage), residue management (with and without residue retention) and crop rotation (wheat-maize rotation and maize monoculture). Atrazine sorption was determined using batch and column experiments. In the batch experiment, the highest distribution coefficient K_d (1.1 L kg^?1) at 0–10 cm soil depth was observed under zero tillage, crop rotation and residue retention (conservation agriculture). The key factor in adsorption was soil organic matter content and type. This was confirmed in the column experiment, in which the highest K_d values were observed in treatments with residue retention, under either zero or conventional tillage (0.81 and 0.68 L kg^?1, respectively). Under zero tillage, the fact that there was no soil movement helped to increase the K_d. The increased soil organic matter content with conservation agriculture may be more important than preferential flow due to higher pore connectivity in the same system. The soil's capacity to adsorb 2-hydroxyatrazine (HA), an important atrazine metabolite, was more important than its capacity to adsorb atrazine, and was similar under all four management practices (K_d ranged from 30 to 40 L kg^?1). The HA adsorption was attributed to the type and amount of clay in the soil, which is unaffected by agronomic management. Soils under conservation agriculture had higher atrazine retention potential than soils under conventional tillage, the system that predominates in the study area.     

光磁耦合废水处理工艺条件的优化研究

以Fe3O4/TiO2作为磁性光催化剂,采用光磁耦合技术处理模拟印染废水。利用统计学方法对光磁耦合废水处理的影响因素进行了探讨和分析,考察了磁场强度、磁性光催化剂投加量、pH值和光照时间对光磁耦合废水处理的影响。通过Design-Expert 7.0.0软件分析得到最佳工艺条件:磁场强度73.95 mT,磁性光催化剂投加量1.13 g/L,模拟废水pH值13,光照时间120 min。在最佳工艺条件下进行实验,脱色率为88.60%。     

Variation of reservoir fluid property during the high pressure air injection process

This research aimed at determining the variation of reservoir fluid property during the high-pressure air injection process. For this purpose, the forward multiple contact experiment was employed by pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) system to investigate the physical property variation of the crude oil and the complex oxidation reactions. The results show: under the relative low temperature and pressure condition, instead of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide dominates the products in the air phase. The gas/oil ratio and volume ratio increased due to the generated gas while the viscosity and density achieved a descending trend. The colloid and bitumen in the oil phase reduced by half but the amount of wax achieved a small increase. The low-temperature oxidation and pyrolysis reactions caused the fluctuated change of the different compounds. The amount of light compounds decreased at the beginning and then increased while that of heavy compounds showed the opposite trend. But at last, due to the H/C ratio, the light compounds increased to more than their initial value.     

Fluid bed gasification – Plasma converter process generating energy from solid waste: Experimental assessment of sulphur species

Often perceived as a Cinderella material, there is growing appreciation for solid waste as a renewable content thermal process feed. Nonetheless, research on solid waste gasification and sulphur mechanisms in particular is lacking. This paper presents results from two related experiments on a novel two stage gasification process, at demonstration scale, using a sulphur-enriched wood pellet feed.Notable SO₂ and relatively low COS levels (before gas cleaning) were interesting features of the trials, and not normally expected under reducing gasification conditions. Analysis suggests that localised oxygen rich regions within the fluid bed played a role in SO₂’s generation. The response of COS to sulphur in the feed was quite prompt, whereas SO₂ was more delayed. It is proposed that the bed material sequestered sulphur from the feed, later aiding SO₂ generation. The more reducing gas phase regions above the bed would have facilitated COS – hence its faster response. These results provide a useful insight, with further analysis on a suite of performed experiments underway, along with thermodynamic modelling.     

煤及煤矸石中砷的释放

研究了煤及煤矸石中砷的释放特征。采用XRD技术对煤样中的主要矿物成分进行了分析。表征结果显示,煤样中的主要矿物组成为碳酸盐矿物、硅酸盐矿物,以及一定量的SiO2、TiO2、硫化物矿物和硫酸盐矿物。实验结果表明：煤中砷的赋存形态主要以残渣态和硫化物结合态为主;在煤燃烧过程中,当燃烧温度为1 000 ℃时,1号矿井的煤样燃烧后灰渣中的砷含量为1.385 μg/g,砷的释放率为40.10%,2号矿井的煤样燃烧后灰渣中的砷含量为1.531 μg/g,砷的释放率为56.04%;在煤矸石的淋溶过程中,在淋溶液体积为100 mL的条件下,当淋溶液pH为5时淋出液中的ρ（砷）为19.27 μg/L,当淋溶液pH为7时淋出液中的ρ（砷）为7.78 μg/L。