A diagnostic experiment of the influence of CO2 on winter wheat

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化工厂大气污染扩散风洞模拟试验

以一化工厂作为研究对象，按1／3125缩尺制作模型，在风洞实验室中进行扩散试验，研究该区域的大气污染情况，以及地形和局地气流对大气污染物扩散的影响．     

南孚废电池对涡虫的急性毒性实验

将在调节酸碱性前后的南孚废电池浸泡液分别配制成不同浓度梯度，对涡虫进行急性毒性实验，观察涡虫在各浓度浸泡液中的生存与摄食情况。结果表明浸泡液对涡虫生存及摄食的影响差异极显著（P〈0．01）。主要影响因素是电池的强碱性。     

典型抗生素在多孔介质中迁移特性的对比研究

为系统探究抗生素在饱和多孔介质中的迁移行为,选取两类典型抗生素—磺胺类（Sulfonamides, SAs）和氟喹诺酮类抗生素（Fluoroquinolones, FQs）,通过室内砂柱迁移实验,重点对比研究了水化学条件及介质粒径对两类抗生素迁移的影响.结果表明,不同种类抗生素在饱和石英砂多孔介质中的迁移特性不同.在实验pH（5.6~9.5）条件下,低解离常数使得SAs多以带负电形态出现,因静电斥力导致SAs在石英砂介质中具有强迁移能力,流出液中SAs回收率>97%;pH、离子强度（NaCl、CaCl₂）及介质粒径对抗生素的迁移无显著影响.FQs多呈阳离子形态及两性形态,受静电引力控制,FQs迁移能力相对较弱,但移动性随溶液pH升高而增大,NaCl和介质粒径对FQs迁移影响不显著,竞争吸附导致高浓度CaCl₂促进FQs迁移能力.本研究结果阐明了SAs和FQs在多孔介质中不同水化学条件（pH、NaCl及CaCl₂离子强度）下及不同介质粒径中的迁移过程,可为抗生素环境风险的预测和评估及污染修复提供指导.     

吸波结构聚氨酯泡沫基体材料耐老化性能评估试验设计

目的针对吸波结构的基体材料——一种软质聚氨酯泡沫耐老化性能的考核,设计一种环境适应性试验,确定施加的环境应力和产品老化性能的表征参数。方法通过吸波结构的聚氨酯泡沫材料的特征性能参数分析,根据产品应用要求和预试验结果,确定合适的老化性能的主要表征指标,通过多应力水平试验和方差分析,确定采用的主要加速老化环境应力。结果通过预试验与分析认为,吸波结构用聚氨酯泡沫材料耐老化性能可采用断裂伸长率来作表征,由于防水覆膜能很好地阻隔水汽对聚氨酯材料的影响,采用单温度应力便可以来考核其老化性能。结论针对具有防水覆膜的吸波结构用聚氨酯泡沫材料,采用单温度应力作用下的断裂伸长率变化可以对其耐老化性能进行有效评估。     

分布式光纤火灾探测系统敷设间距研究

通过开展真实火灾实验和数值模拟研究,考察隧道内温度变化情况,对比分析不同高度的分布式感温光纤对温升或温差的响应规律,进一步研究光纤敷设间隔与隧道高度的关系。结果表明,光纤敷设的最大间隔应随着隧道高度的增加而逐渐减小。最后,对照国内各地方标准及其他国家的标准规定,得到不同敷设高度感温光纤对应的最优光纤敷设间距。该研究结果对分布式光纤火灾探测系统的实际应用有一定指导作用。     

Evaluation of a long-range lagrangian dispersion model with ETEX

Performance of a Lagrangian dispersion model was examined in connection with its dependency on the boundary layer modelling and the input data resolution. The European Tracer Experiment (ETEX) data were used as reference. According to the sensitivity analysis of the model performance, the long-range dispersion model with the sparse input data was not noticeably different from that with the finer resolution data. The assumption of the prescribed constant mixing depth did not largely degrade the prediction results as compared with the simulation results with the temporally changing boundary layer. It is, therefore, concluded that the model is practical, considering the limited input data in the operational mode. However, it was also pointed out that the parameterization for the horizontal and vertical diffusion processes used in the present model enhanced the growth of plume. The improvement of input data resolution in time and space caused further dispersion of tracer deterministically. These resulted in the underestimation of the maximum concentration and the unfocussed concentration distribution map although the mean concentration was predicted fairly well.     

Effects of Harvest of Nontimber Forest Products and Ecological Differences between Sites on the Demography of African Mahogany

Abstract: The demographic impacts of harvesting nontimber forest products (NTFP) have been increasingly studied because of reports of potentially unsustainable harvest. Nevertheless, our understanding of how plant demographic response to harvest is altered by variation in ecological conditions, which is critical for developing realistic sustainable‐use plans, is limited. We built matrix population models to test whether and how variation in ecological conditions affects population responses to harvest. In particular, we examined the effect of bark and foliage harvest on the demography of populations of African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) in two contrasting ecological regions of Benin, West Africa. K. senegalensis bark and foliage harvest significantly reduced its stochastic population growth rates, but ecological differences between regions had a greater effect on population growth rates than did harvest. The effect of harvest on population growth rates (Δλ) was slightly stronger in the moist than in the drier region. Life‐table response experiments revealed that the mechanism by which harvesting reduced λ differed between ecological regions. Lowered stasis (persistence) of larger life stages lead to a reduction in λ in the drier region, whereas lowered growth of all life stages lowered λ in moist region. Potential strategies to increase population growth rates should include decreasing the proportion of individuals harvested, promoting harvester‐owned plantations of African mahogany, and increasing survival and growth by promoting no‐fire zones in gallery forests. Our results show how population responses to harvest of NTFP may be altered by ecological differences across sites and emphasize the importance of monitoring populations over the climatic range in which they occur to develop more realistic recommendations for conservation.     

澳门固体废物管理的经济价值评估——选择试验模型法和条件价值法的比较

以澳门固体废物管理为研究对象,比较研究了选择试验模型法和双边界二分式条件价值法在澳门环境物品经济价值评估中的应用.结果表明,应用选择试验模型法和双边界二分式条件价值法得出的澳门固体废物管理经济价值结果相差不大,但选择试验模型法比双边界二分式条件价值法能更充分地揭示出消费者的偏好信息.     

真空蒸馏回收镍镉电池中镉金属工艺优化模型研究

利用正交试验的方法对真空蒸馏回收镍镉电池进行工艺研究。通过分析温度、压力、蒸馏时间、打孔数目4个因素对镉金属回收比重的影响,确定了真空蒸馏回收镍镉电池中镉金属的最佳试验条件为温度950℃,压力133Pa,蒸馏12h,打孔4个。并在此基础上建立模型对镉金属回收量进行估算,为镍镉电池回收的中试试验奠定了基础。