黑龙江省应大力推广人工湿地法处理利用城镇污水

目前,针对城镇水污染的防治,受经济条件所限,我们难以建更多的二级污水处理厂。我们必须从省情出发,因地制宜、因水制宜,广泛应用人工湿地法,使城镇污水得到有效处理并实现再利用,既达到环境保护的要求,又促进了循环经济的发展。     

两种凝胶色谱在农药残留分析中的应用比较

介绍了凝胶色谱法的基本原理和工作方式及其在农药残留分析中的应用,对比了传统的全自动凝胶色谱和在线凝胶色谱-质谱联用两种凝胶色谱仪的特点。通过土壤样品有机磷和有机氯农药加标回收试验,表明两种凝胶色谱在农药残留分析中的净化效果差异不大,而在线凝胶色谱-质谱联用在检测快速化、在线化和溶剂使用少量化、微量化方面更具优势。     

水生植物净化萘污水能力研究

5种供试水生植物中,水葫芦对萘污水的适应和净化能力最强,细叶满江红最差,其生长适应和净化能力依次为:水葫芦>水花生>浮萍>紫萍>细叶满江红。在起始浓度分别为2.5、6.5、16.1mg/L的萘污水中,水葫芦的7d净化率分别为:97.1％、93.7％和90.4％。在净化萘污水的过程中,水葫芦、水花生的过氧化物酶活性逐渐升高,而浮萍的酶活性先上升然后下降,紫萍、细叶满江红则一直下降。另外,水葫芦对萘的净化能力随温度升高而增强。     

冬春季富营养化滆湖中沉水植被重建及净化效果

秋末冬初在富营养化滆湖的围隔中引种沉水植物,分别构建5种植被区、菹草-伊乐藻区、菹草区、伊乐藻区,调查4种区域内植被恢复及对水质的净化效果。结果发现菹草-伊乐藻区不仅能在冬春季节保持对营养盐较高的去除效果,并能在冬季有效缓解苦草等植物死亡（5种植被区）给水质带来的不利影响;菹草-伊乐藻区对比湖面敞开区域内TP,TN,NH3-N,Chl.a的去除率可达62.9%,31.5%,53.9%,46.1%,对CODMn的去除率仅为9.7%;比较各单种区：伊乐藻对TN的去除效果要好于菹草,菹草对TP的去除效果要好于伊乐藻。     

生物滤池处理矿区生活污水的影响因素研究

针对我国北方矿区低温低浓度生活污水的特点,采用混凝沉淀与生物滤池相结合的工艺进行试验研究,结果表明:该工艺通过负压实现无泵自冲洗,具有处理效果好、占地小、滤层阻力小、能耗低等优点,系统出水可以达到生活杂用水水质标准,完全可进行资源化回用.     

Assessing the feasibility of land application of fly ash, sewage sludge and their mixtures

Land disposal of fly ash (FA) and sewage sludge (SS) is a major problem due largely to their potentially harmful constituents. Combined use of FA and SS however may help reduce the associated pollution potential. In this paper we summarize the results of several case studies designed to assess the feasibility of land application of FA with and without SS. A wide range of application rates was tested under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. The leaching of metals from soil columns amended with moderate rates of FA applications (8-16 Mg ha⁻¹) generally had no significant impact on the metal content of leachate or their downward migration in the soil. The application of FA or SS at a much high rate (74.1 Mg ha⁻¹) significantly increased both leaching and downward migration of metals. The use of 1:1 FA+SS mixture at 148.2 Mg ha⁻¹ reduced metal leaching compared to the combined metal quantities leached when FA or SS applied at 74.1 Mg ha⁻¹. The results indicate that combined use of FA and SS at a rational rate of application should not cause any significant effect on drainage water quality. Plant studies conducted using FA and SS mixtures indicated that these materials could be beneficial for biomass production, without contributing significant metal uptake or leaching. The application of FA as high as 560 Mg ha⁻¹ in a long-term field trial had no detectable deterioration in soil or groundwater quality and no substantial increases in plant uptake of metals and other trace elements were observed. Low to moderate rates of FA and SS therefore could be successfully used as soil amendments, particularly so when used as a mixture.     

北方地区城市污水厂冬季运行管理

以沈阳市北部污水处理厂5年的实际运行管理为例,阐述北方地区城市污水处理厂冬季运行时应注意的问题及对策。     

应用数理统计法评价污水去除率

确切的评价污水去除率是界定污水处理效果的依据,本文将数理统计法应用于污水去除率评价中,建立了一种较为科学的定量评价方法,同时还引入了总量监测的内涵.     

Estimate of sea loading by pollutants originating from the littoral counties in the Republic of Croatia

The paper reviews the data of 10 yr of following up sewage (waste water) inflows of anthropological origin into the sea from all the coastal settlements in Croatia. In particular, we report the sea loading by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), expressed by the inhabitant equivalent (I.E.), for seven littoral counties. We estimated the loading of a coastal sea area for each county separately. The objective was to avoid any over- or underestimation of amounts and significance of sewage inflows into the seawater. For this purpose, a precisely determined sea volume up to the 10 m isobath has been chosen. Because of the inadequate treatment of wastewater, the total loading of that maritime territory expressed in terms of i.e. was found to be 26% higher than expected from the actual number of inhabitants. However, daily input represents only 12‰ of the considered volume of the sea. Recipient spent only 0.7% of the disposable oxygen quantity in the sea.     

沈阳市农村污水处理设施运营管理机制研究

介绍了目前国外发达国家农村污水处理设施运营管理机制、成熟经验及我国农村污水处理设施运营管理的现状和存在的问题,并结合沈阳市现有农村污水处理设施运行管理的实际情况,在运营模式、监管机制、经费筹措、绩效考核与政策支持等方面提出了一系列措施和建议,以期对沈阳市农村污水处理设施的长效运营起到积极的促进作用。