The Quality of Water in the Buško Blato Reservoir

The article presents the results of chemical andmicrobiological measurements of the water quality in theBuko Blato reservoir, the largest in Europe, in the period 1989 to 1998.The aim was to observe possiblechanges in water quality during the past decade and itsinfluence on the downstream section of the Cetina River andits numerous tributaries and reservoirs, where there are twolarge regional water supply systems. This reservoir wasbuilt in order to exploit the high hydro-electric potentialof small streamflows in the karst fields of south-westernBosnia. It has strongly influenced the hydrologicconditions of the downstream section of the Cetina River.Buko Blato is a relatively shallow reservoir with the meandepth of 5 m. It covers an area of 57 km². The waterexchange in the reservoir is slow, occurring from one toseveral years. When the water inflow exceeds the hydroelectric plant demands the excess water is delivered by a reversible channel and pre-pumped into the Buko Blato reservoir. The total and carbonate water hardness in thereservoir is lower than in the Cetina River and in typicalkarst streamflows, since the water in this reservoir comesmainly from surface sources including numerous springs withhigh capacity oscillations, torrents and rainfall.Measurements, carried out during the past years, showed asignificant increase in nitrate content as well as in thecoli bacteria and a less significant increase in totalphosphorus content. The water quality was evaluated asmezotrophic according to the total phosphorus content basedon the Carlson index of trophic level, a lower quality thanin the Perua reservoir, upstream on the Cetina River. Thelatter contains a smaller phosphorus content and wasclassed between oligotrophic and mezotrophic. According tothese data, employing the Vollenweider equation, the totalphosphorus content in this water should not exceed the meanof 20 mg m^-3 P. The results indicate that the water inthe Buko Blato reservoir did not deteriorate the waterquality on the downstream section of the Cetina River.     

白石水库有机污染数学模拟预测研究

建立了水库有机污染数学模型 ,采用试验方法对模型中各项参数进行了估计 ,并对在建白石水库库水有机污染物变化情况进行了预测。结果表明 ,按现有入流水源水质预测 ,白石水库只在坝址前约 10km库区范围内水质才能达到Ⅰ～Ⅲ类标准。应加强对库区流域环境污染的治理     

地理生态环境对磨盘山水库的影响及其对策

分析了气候背景和地理环境对磨盘山水库区域降水的影响,解释了磨盘山地区多雨的主要原因,同时论述了磨盘山水库区域生态环境对气候及水库水量、水质的影响.为确保水库饮用水的安全,提出了相应的对策.     

川西北气矿中坝须二气田水处理方法

介绍了川西北气矿中坝气田须二气藏水质情况,论述了气田水四种处理方法的特点和适用性。为了维持生产和减少环境污染,在该气藏中引入了预处理装置,对气田水进行处理后再进行异层回注。介绍了该工艺的流程,处理后气田水中SS和石油类含量分别为15mg/L和5.3mg/L,达到了设计要求。对处理成本及四种地层水处理方案的经济效益进行了对比,分析了该技术的经济可行性,并根据其应用情况提出了建议,供生产决策部门参考。     

库水作用下公路土质岸坡稳定性影响因素综合评判

以三峡库区公路土质岸坡为研究对象,通过对库水作用的影响效应分析,建立了岸坡稳定性评价的参数指标评价体系以及相应的分级标准.在此基础上,应用影响因素综合评判方法,对实例岸坡进行了稳定性分级评价,评价结果与实际情况基本相符.     

USE OF THE DELPHI METHOD IN RESOLVING COMPLEX WATER RESOURCES ISSUES1

ABSTRACT: The tri‐state river basins, shared by Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, are being modeled by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to help facilitate agreement in an acrimonious water dispute among these different state governments. Modeling of such basin reservoir operations requires parallel understanding of several river system components: hydropower production, flood control, municipal and industrial water use, navigation, and reservoir fisheries requirements. The Delphi method, using repetitive surveying of experts, was applied to determine fisheries' water and lake‐level requirements on 25 reservoirs in these interstate basins. The Delphi technique allowed the needs and requirements of fish populations to be brought into the modeling effort on equal footing with other water supply and demand components. When the subject matter is concisely defined and limited, this technique can rapidly assess expert opinion on any natural resource issue, and even move expert opinion toward greater agreement.     

新安江水库主要入流营养盐的时间变化特征及其影响因素分析

流域上游来水是水库的重要补给源,其水质状况直接决定下游受纳水库的生态系统状态和功能,研究入库来水营养盐的时间演变特征并揭示其变化的影响因素,为水库水质管理提供重要科学依据。以新安江水库安徽辖区为研究区,分析了2007—2016年期间流域入库水质的变化特征,探讨水文、气象等环境条件对入库水质的影响。研究结果表明,2007年以来,COD_Mn和透明度表现为下降趋势,TN、TP、NH₃-N呈明显上升趋势,来水营养水平上升,但叶绿素a呈下降趋势。流域降水带来的水文情势的变化对来水水质起重要作用,来水中N、P营养盐丰水期显著高于枯水期,同流域降水过程显著正相关。     

Channel Evolution Models as Predictors of Sediment Yield

This paper recounts our predictions of channel evolution of the Black Vermillion River (BVR) and sediment yields associated with the evolutionary sequence. Channel design parameters allowed for the prediction of stable channel form and coincident sediment yields. Measured erosion rates and basin‐specific bank erosion curves aided in prediction of the stream channel succession time frame. This understanding is critical in determining how and when to mitigate a myriad of instability consequences. The BVR drains approximately 1,062 km² in the glaciated region of Northeast Kansas. Once tallgrass prairie, the basin has been modified extensively for agricultural production. As such, channelization has shortened the river by nearly 26 km from pre‐European dimensions; shortening combined with the construction of numerous flow‐through structures have produced dramatic impacts on discharge and sediment dynamics. Nine stream reaches were established within three main tributaries of the BVR in 2007. Reaches averaged 490 m in length, were surveyed, and assessed for channel stability, while resurveys were conducted annually through 2010 to monitor change. This work illustrates the association of current stream state, in‐channel sediment contributions, and prediction of future erosion rates based on stream evolution informed by multiple models. Our findings suggest greater and more rapid sedimentation of a federal reservoir than has been predicted using standard sediment prediction methods.     

山西省排污权交易体系改进设计

本文在山西省排污权交易工作现有交易机制、政策设计与实践成果的基础上,分析现有排污权交易实施过程中存在的主要问题,并结合"十三五"时期国家对排污权交易工作的总体要求,提出山西省排污交易体系的改进设计建议。通过改进排污权初始分配方式和排污权交易模式,制定活跃排污权交易市场的相关政策,强化市场与政府的对接,探索山西省地方立法,扩展山西省排污权交易管理平台等,逐步完善交易制度建设、监管体系建设、信息统计体系建设,深化排污权交易支持下的山西省总量减排及环境监管能力建设,构建管理规范、交易顺畅的排污指标交易市场,支持排污权交易工作在山西省的全面推广与实施。     

MULTICRITERION DECISION MAKING FOR FLOOD CONTROL OPERATIONS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS1

ABSTRACT: Flood control operations are generally complex in nature, as they are often associated with a large quantity of uncertain factors in combination of noncommensurable criteria. It has been found that the use of fuzzy set theory coupled with multicriterion decision making (MCDM) methods is very promising. In this paper, a multicriterion fuzzy recognition model is established for flood control operations. A subjective preference and iterative weights method is proposed for weight assessment. First, an initial solution of criteria weights, which is directly analyzed from the selected alternatives, is obtained by using the proposed fuzzy recognition model. Then, according to their knowledge related to real time flood operations, operators may modify the initial weights if necessary. When the relative membership grades of alternatives belonging to all rankings are fixed, a defuzzification equation is used to calculate the rank feature value vector. Based on the rank feature value vector, one can evaluate the alternative set. Two flood operation cases are provided to illustrate the application of the proposed model. With the incorporation of the operator's knowledge related to flood operations, the proposed model is flexible in giving weights and realizes more practical flood control operations.