东胜区三台基水库水质细菌的鉴定

为了初步探索环境微生物的快速测定法,提升应对微生物污染突发事件的能力,本文运用美国BD公司的细菌鉴定系统对东胜区三台基水库水质细菌进行了鉴定。结果共鉴定出6种细菌,其可信度分别为95.7、99.1、94.3、98.7、98.5、和99.2。结果表明该系统快速、准确、可靠,可以作为环境微生物分类鉴定和微生物污染突发事件应急监测的依据。     

乌江流域梯级水库的氮磷分布及其滞留效率研究

河流梯级水坝建设不仅造成营养元素在水库累积,向下游的输送通量降低,而且由于对不同元素的不同拦截效率会影响到元素的计量关系,从而影响水库生态系统和水质变化。为了厘清水库对N、P的拦截效率,本研究于2013~2015年分三次对乌江流域七个大型梯级水库水体总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)浓度进行了采样分析,探讨了不同梯级水库中氮磷营养元素的分布及其滞留效率。结果发现,乌江流域各梯级水库中TN浓度从上游到下游有逐级降低的趋势,每一级水库拦截了2%~13%的氮。乌江流域梯级水库较低的生产力和较高的氧浓度使其对TP的拦截效率更高,但水库较低的TP浓度使得拦截效果容易受到外源P输入的抵消。水库对TN、TP的拦截效率差异导致水库N/P比值发生了明显变化,因而在流域管理控制N、P的方法选择上应充分考虑这一自然过程的影响。     

于桥水库流域地表水中水溶性氮季节变化特征

通过对于桥水库流域1999～2000年枯水期(6月)、丰水期(8月)和平水期(10月)地表水体采样分析,研究了地表水中水溶性氮浓度(硝态氮+氨氮)的季节动态变化特征,可以分为以下6种变化模式.I平水期>丰水期>枯水期;II丰水期>平水期>枯水期;III平水期>枯水期>丰水期;IV丰水期>枯水期>平水期;V枯水期>平水期>丰水期;VI枯水期>丰水期>平水期.干旱年份,不同控制小区地表水中水溶性氮浓度的季节变化比较简单,主要表现出I、II、III 3种变化特征;而平水年份地表水中水溶性氮浓度的季节变化比较复杂,包括I、II、III、IV、V、VI 6种变化模式.这种变化特征主要与控制小区地形、土地利用、地表径流和水系特征有关.     

河道型水库岸边污染带特性分析

大型水利枢纽工程的兴建,改变了河流水流条件,也影响了污染物在水体中的稀释、扩散、降解和转化过程,其岸边污染带的影响范围将发生变化.笔者通过对湖南衡阳水源污染事件发生时的水流条件、水质状况的分析,对事件发生的水域进行流场及浓度场模拟计算,研究了河道型水库与天然河流岸边污染带的变化特性,并对已通过环境影响评价,但又易被忽视而引起的环境问题,提出了一些初步看法与认识.      

三峡库区(重庆段)涨落带土地资源的开发利用模式初探

三峡水库是我国特大型水利枢纽工程,到2009年水库全部建成运行后将出现一个落差达30m的涨落带。涨落带土地肥沃,出露水面的时间长,光、热、水、土条件匹配好,有较大的开发价值。对涨落带进行保护性的开发利用,将缓解库区的人地矛盾、促进库区小康进程与可持续发展。论文以三峡库区的主体--重庆段为例,论述了三峡重庆库区涨落带土地资源的分布、特征及开发价值;阐明了涨落带土地资源开发利用应注意的5个原则问题;结合库区气候、地貌及水位变动等条件,初步探讨了涨落带土地资源开发利用的6种模式;对开发利用中可能存在的生态与环境问题进行了分析,提出了有针对性的建议;为合理制定涨落带的土地资源利用与保护规划提供科学依据。     

MULTIOBJECTIVE REAL‐TIME RESERVOIR OPERATION WITH A NETWORK FLOW ALGORITHM1

ABSTRACT: A network flow algorithm has been developed for the optimization of real‐time operation of a multiple reservoir system. Two purposes have been considered in the operation: flood control and hydropower generation. A special network structure was developed which allows the consideration of river routing. A multiobjective formulation is utilized thus allowing generation of a non‐dominated curve. The effect of imperfect forecast on the performance of the real‐time operation model is also evaluated. An application is made to a subsystem of the Brazilian hydroelectric system, located in the Paranapanema river basin. In this case study, the model showed good performance under the largest flood of the historical records.     

湖泊流体动力学模型及实验

从二维浅水非恒定流的控制方程出发,建立了一个二维湖泊流体动力学模型.并根据天津于桥水库的实际情况,对该水库引水期和非引水期的湖水流场的不同情况进行了模拟试验.结果表明,在引水期水库的流场达到稳定状态时,水库流场有一个自东向西的水流主要通道.还对水库出口处有初始水体流速的情况进行了模拟.模拟的结果与于桥水库的实际污染物浓度分布基本一致.      

Introduction of geomechanical restoration method and its implications for reservoir assessment of unconventional oil-gas resource in China

New technologies are in urgent need of unconventional hydrocarbon exploration and development in China.This paper provides a brief introduction and analysis of a new three-dimensional(3D)geomechanical restoration method developed in recent years.After an in-depth discussion on the technical principle and specific characteristics of the fields,we designed a feasible workflow for two oil-gas fields with great unconventional oil-gas resource potentials in China(Weiyuan and Jiulongshan oil-gas fields of Sichuan).After discussing the major challenges and limitations of the new technology,we also suggest its research efforts and future application prospect It is shown that the new technology will be an effective method to facilitate the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources in China.     

Assessing the Eutrophication of Shengzhong Reservoir Based on Grey Clustering Method

Abstract

Reservoir water environment is a grey system. The grey clustering method is applied to assessing the reservoir water environment to establish a relatively complete model suitable for the reservoir eutrophication evaluation and appropriately evaluate the quality of reservoir water, providing evidence for reservoir management. According to China’s lakes and reservoir eutrophication criteria and the characteristics of China’s eutrophication, as well as certain evaluation indices, the degree of eutrophication is classified into six categories with the utilization of grey classified whitening weight function to represent the boundaries of classification, to determine the clustering weight and clustering coefficient of each index in grey classifications, and the classification of each clustering object. The comprehensive evaluation of reservoir eutrophication is established on such a foundation, with Sichuan Shengzhong Reservoir as the survey object and the analysis of the data attained by several typical monitoring points there in 2006. It is found that eutrophication of Tiebian Power Generation Station, Guoyuanchang and Dashiqiao Bridge is the heaviest, Tielusi and Qinggangya the second, and Lijiaba the least. The eutrophication of this reservoir is closely relevant to the irrational exploitation in its surrounding areas, especially to the aggravation of the non-point source pollution and the increase of net-culture fishing. Therefore, it is feasible to use grey clustering in environment quality evaluation, and the point lies in the correct division of grey whitening function     

Hedging Rules for the Operation of Lake Okeechobee in Southern Florida

Lake Okeechobee is the major source of freshwater in Southern Florida. With the increasing possibility of water stress, determining how to manage water during drought periods is essential to the operation of the Lake. This study deals with operational problems related to the management of Lake Okeechobee and the challenges involved in the implementation of hedging policy. We examine the implications of applying a theoretical hedging rule approach, comprising inter‐ and intrayear models, for the management of Lake Okeechobee and explore several optional hedging policies. The results demonstrate that hedging rules could reduce profit loss particularly under serious water stress, and might be applied sooner to mitigate the risk of severe water shortages. We suggested that the management of Lake Okeechobee should consider both short‐ and long‐term hedging nested. It is also demonstrated that the practical applicability of rolling decision making with updated forecast. Based on the results of the model, the merits of explicit optional hedging rules are demonstrated.