三峡库区移民环境容量指标的研究

移民环境容量的研究使移民安置规划建立在稳妥的科学基础上,扩大了移民安置范围的视野和任务范围。本文从经济、社会、生态与环境三重效益向良性循环发展的角度提出了三峡库区移民环境容量指标体系。     

新丰江水库富营养化现状及其综合防治对策

新丰江水库水质可满足 Ｇ Ｂ３８３８ － ８８ Ⅱ类水质要求, 其营养水平为贫中营养状态; 磷为主要污染物; 氮磷负荷均略大于可接受的纳污负荷。本文还提出了有效控制新丰江水库富营养化进程的若干建议和措施。     

三峡库区滑坡稳定性评价研究

三峡水库蓄水后 ,库水位将在 14 5～ 175m范围内波动 ,动水压力和水的软化作用是滑坡失稳的主要因素。库区滑坡稳定性评价规范要求采用不平衡推力法 ,但在考虑库水位下降产生的渗透力时 ,对渗流浸润线的确定缺乏理论依据 ,更没有实测数据的支持。为此 ,笔者运用一维的布辛内斯克方程 ,研究三峡水库蓄水后库水位下降和暴雨作用下滑坡渗流浸润线的变化规律 ;建立了渗流作用下滑坡稳定性评价模型 ;分析降速、渗透系数、暴雨等对滑坡稳定性的影响。     

山西万家寨引黄工程沿线生态环境特征及其保护

山西万家寨引黄工程从万家寨水利枢纽至太原市呼延水厂,全长285km。论述了引黄工程沿线的生态环境特征,主要为(1)降水偏少分布不均水资源缺乏,(2)水土流失严重,(3)植被覆盖率较低,(4)生物多样性贫乏。预测了引黄工程对生态环境的潜在影响。提出了生态环境保护的科学对策:(1)科学规划降低对植被的扰动程度,(2)综合治理减少水土流失,(3)加强环境保护工作,(4)植树种草提高植被覆盖率,(5)合理放牧防止草地继续退化,(6)调整产业结构,减轻对生态系统的压力。     

基于储层非均质的水淹水窜风险评价

水淹和水窜是油田在水驱开发时常见的安全问题,储层非均质性是引起水淹和水窜的主要原因之一。为研究储层非均质性对于水淹水窜的作用,通过层次聚类分析法建立储层非均质综合指数关系式,并将其转化为水淹水窜风险概率,把水淹水窜风险概率进行分级,以此判断非均质性对于水淹水窜的作用。以BD油田阜二段第三砂层组为例进行水淹水窜风险评估,结果表明:研究区非均质性严重,水淹水窜风险概率均大于80%,储层非均性极容易导致油田在注水开发时发生水淹水窜。该区在注水开发时需要重视工艺设计与防护措施,以降低水淹水窜风险。     

A fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) approach to eco-environmental vulnerability assessment for the danjiangkou reservoir area,China

The Danjiangkou reservoir lies in the upper Hanjiang basin and is the source of water for the Middle Route Project (MRP) under the South-to-North Water Transfer Scheme (SNWT) in China. The eco-environment of water resource areas plays an important role in water conservation and purification and would have significant implications for the economic prosperity in Hanjiang basin as well as for the SNWT. Focusing on the Danjiangkou Reservoir Area (DRA), this study established an environmental information system database. Based on the database, an eco-environmental vulnerability assessment method using integrated fuzzy AHP (FAHP) and GIS was developed for the DRA. According to eco-environmental conditions and anthropic effects, vulnerability was classified into five levels: potential, light, medium, heavy and very heavy. The eco-environmental vulnerability distribution and major problems of the eco-environment were analysed and discussed. The results indicated that eco-environmental vulnerability in the DRA was moderate overall. Regions with lower eco-environmental vulnerability were located in Qinling Mountain area in the northwest, Daba Mountain area in the south and the area immediately surrounding Danjiangkou Reservoir in the east. Two regions with very high eco-environmental vulnerability were located in the north of Danjiangkou Reservoir in Henan province and in the western part of Shanxi province. On the basis of analysis of distribution of the different factors of eco-environmental vulnerability, different environmental protection measures were proposed for different areas. This study demonstrated that the proposed method was an effective approach for the assessment of environmental vulnerability. The results gained closely reflected the reality of the eco-environmental vulnerability of the DRA.     

晋陕蒙接壤区蔬菜生产的现状及发展对策

本文针对晋陕蒙接壤区能源重化工基地建设过程中，蔬菜生产的现状、存在的问题和解决方案等内容展开了深入的讨论。在多次实地考察和大量数据分析的基础上，本文认为，由于恶劣的自然环境条件和落后的种植方式的影响，该地区蔬菜生产的水平很低，无法适应大规模经济开发的需要。分析结果表明，该地区蔬菜生产的薄弱环节是淡季时间长，保护地生产所占比重甚小，专业化生产的程度低。结合作者本人在当地布点试验的成功经验和这一地区的实际情况，本文提出发展该地区蔬菜生产的对策为重点发展经济效益较高的保护地蔬菜的生产，以带动一般大路菜的生产和促进农业种植业的改革。在蔬菜生产基地的布局原则上，本文提出，应以目前的和规划中的重点城市为主要集散地和中心市场，以重点城市和重点工矿区为主要保障供给对象；在技术路线上，提出有重点、分批次和分阶段建设的方针；在组织措施上，提出完善各种市场调节机制，重视和引进科技力量，以及需要政府的有关单位作好扶持和推广工作等等。     

太湖流域水源地悬浮颗粒物中的PAH、OCP和PCB

于2010年5月和9月分别对太湖流域水源地悬浮颗粒物(SPM)中的PAH、OCP和PCB的残留水平进行了检测和分析.结果表明,研究区PAH、OCP和PCB的含量分别为806.9~3815.3ng/g、10.04~50.86ng/g和2.20~5.06ng/g.与5月份相比,9月份的大部分采样点三种污染物含量有所增加.PAH中HMW-PAHs的含量占优势,主要来源于石油类排放、石油及其精炼产品的不完全燃烧,少量来源于煤和生物质的不完全燃烧.OCP中DDTs的含量占优势,研究区有新的HCHs和林丹输入,但DDTs没有新的输入.Aroclor检出率最高的为Aroclor1016与Aroclor1260,这可能与我国主要生产和使用的PCBs产品有关.相对于国内外其他地区监测结果和评价标准,研究区SPM所受PAH、OCP和PCB污染较轻,大部分地区均低于生态影响低值LEL,生态风险较小.     

Water-lifting and aeration system improves water quality of drinking water reservoirs: Biological mechanism and field application

Reservoirs have been served as the major source of drinking water for dozens of years. The water quality safety of large and medium reservoirs increasingly becomes the focus of public concern. Field test has proved that water-lifting and aeration system (WLAS) is a piece of effective equipment for in situ control and improvement of water quality. However, its intrinsic bioremediation mechanism, especially for nitrogen removal, still lacks in-depth investigation. Hence, the dynamic changes in water quality parameters, carbon source metabolism, species compositions and co-occurrence patterns of microbial communities were systematically studied in Jinpen Reservoir within a whole WLAS running cycle. The WLAS operation could efficiently reduce organic carbon (19.77%), nitrogen (21.55%) and phosphorus (65.60%), respectively. Biolog analysis revealed that the microbial metabolic capacities were enhanced via WLAS operation, especially in bottom water. High-throughput sequencing demonstrated that WLAS operation altered the diversity and distributions of microbial communities in the source water. The most dominant genus accountable for aerobic denitrification was identified as Dechloromonas. Furthermore, network analysis revealed that microorganisms interacted more closely through WLAS operation. Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and total nitrogen (TN) were regarded as the two main physicochemical parameters influencing microbial community structures, as confirmed by redundancy analysis (RDA) and Mantel test. Overall, the results will provide a scientific basis and an effective way for strengthening the in-situ bioremediation of micro-polluted source water.     

某退役辐照装置储源井钢件表面沾污测量

利用物理测量及擦拭法对某退役辐照装置储源井钢件进行表面沾污测量及结果验证,结果表明,本次测量中两种方法测量结果基本一致。物理法受测量物体自身结构及尺寸的影响导致测量结果存在误差,擦拭法要保证较高的去除因子。擦拭法可对物理法测量结果进行验证。