水利工程对水质的影响评价——以麻栗坝水库为例

通过对麻栗坝水库工程的水质进行预测分析,结果表明,麻栗坝水库不会产生富营养化,重金属含量不会明显增加,水利工程对水体质量变化影响较小。     

东濮凹陷文西地区岩性油气藏勘探方法初探

随着构造油气藏的全面勘探,岩性油气藏已成为渤海湾盆地内各大油田进一步展开勘探的重要对象。本文根据对东濮凹陷文西地区文248块和文6块的地层、构造,以及油气水关系的综合研究,结合隐蔽油气藏勘探的原理,提出了岩性油气藏勘探的新方法———“滚动勘探法”,并已经在文西地区进行了应用,预计将取得较好的效果。     

临沧市博尚水库水质分析评价

对博尚水库的水质现状、富营养状况、年内变化、年际变化及主要污染物质入库量分析评价,找出污染特性,并针对污染特性提出相应的建议。     

三峡库区库底固体废物清理调查及现状分析

通过对三峡库区重庆段库底固体废物清理情况的实地调查和监测，全面了解三峡蓄水后库底固体废物对库区水质的影响程度，分析了固体废物可能影响三峡水质的潜在因素，提出一些污染防治对策。结果表明，三峡库底固体废物的清理是成功的，达到了预期结果。     

类群划分方法对南亚热带水库夏季浮游植物群落与环境响应关系的影响

浮游植物群落对环境变化敏感,常用于评价水质和生态系统健康状态,但其对环境响应受类群单元的影响.为了解不同类群划分方法对浮游植物群落与环境响应关系的影响,以南亚热带地区8座水库的夏季浮游植物群落为研究对象,比较了分别以种（species）、属（genus）和门类（phyla）、形态功能群（morphology-based functional groups,MBFG）和生境模板功能群（functional groups,FG）为类群单元下浮游植物群落与环境因子的响应关系的差异.结果表明,8座水库均为中营养水体,以水温高（32.6±1.1）℃和有效光场弱（Z_eu/Z_m为0.48±0.28）为特征,水库间环境差异主要体现在溶解性营养盐的梯度上,溶解性营养盐的梯度显著高于总营养状态、温度和有效光照强度的环境梯度（P<0.05）.群落中种和属水平的类群单元多但生物量低,MBFG功能群和门类类群单元少但生物量高,导致虽然种属归类法的群落距离大于其他归类法,但种和属类群划分法的物种梯度（SCBD）和样点梯度（LCBD）均小于MBFG功能群和门类归类法.统计分析表明,5种类群划分法中只有MBFG和门类归类法的群落梯度对溶解性营养盐梯度有显著的响应关系,尤其是对pH值和PO₄^3--P浓度变化的响应;只有MBFG和门类归类法的群落梯度与营养状态指数（TSI）变化有显著回归关系.以上结果表明,当环境变化主要体现在营养盐的供应差异时,MBFG和门类类群划分法对环境识别的灵敏度高于其他方法.     

HYDROLOGIC AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF DROUGHT UNDER ALTERNATWE POLICY RESPONSES1

ABSTRACT: A severe sustained drought in the Colorado River Basin would cause economic damages throughout the Basin. An integrated hydrologic-economic-institutional model introduced here shows that consumptive water users in headwaters states are particularly vulnerable to very large shortfalls and hence large damages because their rights are effectively junior to downstream users. Chronic shortfalls to consumptive users relying on diversions in excess of rights under the Colorado River Compact are also possible. Nonconsumptive water uses (for hydropower and recreation) are severely affected during the worst drought years as instream flows are reduced and reservoirs are depleted. Damages to these uses exceeds those to consumptive uses, with the value of lost hydropower production the single largest economic impact of a severe sustained drought. Modeling of alternative policy responses to drought suggests three general policy approaches with particular promise for reducing damages. Consumptive use damages can be reduced by over 90 percent through reallocation from low to high valued uses and through reservoir storage strategies which minimize evaporation losses. Reservoir management to preserve minimum power pool levels for hydropower production (and to maintain reservoir recreation) may reduce damages to these nonconsumptive uses by over 30 percent, but it may increase consumptive use shortfalls.     

REVIEW OF DETERMINATION OF INSTREAM FLOW REQUIREMENTS WITH SPECIAL APPLICATION TO AUSTRALIA1

ABSTRACT: A critical examination of the techniques used to assess and specify environmental instream flow requirements is provided. The strengths and weaknesses of individual techniques are evaluated on both an absolute and a comparative basis. Particular attention is given to the problem of specifying environmental flow requirements in Australia where the hydrology has distinctly different characteristics to those in countries where most of the models for prediction of instream flow requirements were developed. Broad recommendations as to the suitability and use of the different techniques for different conditions are provided.     

贫水化及成因与对策浅议

本文根据中国及全球淡水日趋紧张的事实，提出了贫水化的概念。在分析成因的基础上，提出了防治贫水化的一般对策，对增加人们的水荒意识有一定参考价值。     

MODELING THE EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON BASIN WATER YIELD AND RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION1

ABSTRACT: The dam impounding White Rock Lake was completed in 1910 to provide water for the City of Dallas. Since then, land use on the watershed has changed from entirely rural to over 77 percent urban. A model called SWRRB (Simulator for Water Resources in Rural Basins) was utilized to determine the effect of urbanization on water and sediment entering the lake. The simulation results show that, if urbanization had not occurred, then the annual surface runoff would be 135 mm rather than 151 mm and the annual sediment yield would be 4.4 t/ha rather than 4.1 t/ha. Also, the effect of urbanization on delivery ratios was shown and a positive linear correlation was found. Finally, the weather generator in SWRRB was utilized to estimate the loss of reservoir capacity until 2050 for three different land use management scenarios.     

FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIR OPERATIONS UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL RESTRAINTS1

ABSTRACT: A flood control reservoir protects valuable developments on the downstream flood plain by storing flood waters and releasing them at a rate that will reduce the downstream damage. The water surface level of the flood pool behind the dam can fluctuate considerably during the occurrence of a large magnitude flood causing the inundation of trees, low vegetation, and water based recreation facilities located in those areas of the flood pool area that are normally well above the water level. The amount of damage that will occur in the upper levels of the flood storage area will depend on the depth and duration of the inundation that occurs. This, in turn, is directly related to the operating policy for the reservoir. A dynamic programming optimization model of flood control reservoir operation is presented. This model determines the reservoir operating schedule that minimizes downstream flood damages. Various constraints are added to the model to account for the environmental impacts of long periods of flood storage.