脆弱生态区类型划分及其脆弱特征分析

本文应用聚类分析方法,根据全国各县市耕地面积等26项指标的有关数据,对我国生态区进行了类型划分,还分别以环境资源因子、经济发展水平因子、经济技术替代能力因子、域外支持能力因子以及社会发展水平因子等5类因子为聚类变量,对我国脆弱生态区进行了类型划分,并对脆弱特征进行了分析。     

河西地区生态环境脆弱性评价与生态环境建设对策研究

本文在对河西地区生态环境进行脆弱度评价的基础上 ,提出河西地区生态环境建设应走生态经济相结合的道路 ,要从建立水资源持续利用机制、科学实施荒漠化防治工程、加强祁连山水源涵养林的保护以及培育特色产业等方面入手 ,进行生态环境建设等     

洞庭湖区芦苇和荻的饲用潜力及开发利用

洞庭湖区拥有丰富的芦苇和荻资源。两者鲜嫩时的化学与营养成分接近优良牧草黑麦草,适于饲喂牛。若于拨节中期收获２～４次,则可年产干草４．５～７．５×１０５ｔ,可为８．２２～２０．５５×１０４个黄牛单位提供全年用优质饲草;若再与湖区丰富的农副产品相配合,发展集约化商品性的养牛业是切实可行的。收获的牧草可通过青饲、青贮、调制干草、加工成草粉或颗粒配方饲料的方式加以利用。为保障秋季其他用途的收获及第二年的正常生长发育,必须要采取一系列行之有效的措施,其中人工促进再生复壮和加强宏观调控是最关键的环节。     

区域可持续发展指标体系与评价方法研究

本文探讨了区域可持续发展指标体系建立的指导原则和方法，分析了区域社会大系统的运行模式，在此基础上提出了区域可持续发展评价指标体系。     

武汉经济协作区发展的基本特征及对策

提出了经济协作区的概念,分析了武汉经济协作区的组成、区位优势以及在社会主义市场经济条件下发展和完善武汉经济协作区的必然趋势。从协作区内城市体系的角度,就协作区经济实力、产业结构、经济效益、市场建设和基础设施建设等五个方面分析了武汉经济协作区发展的基本特点,在此基础上提出了武汉经济协作区经济发展主要对策：强化武汉市在经济协作区中的中心城市的地位,优化产业结构和产业布局的原则,加快协作区资产重组步骤,     

四湖地区涝渍地油菜田杂草发生特点及防治对策

通过对湖北省涝渍地开发工程技术研究中心高场示范围场油菜田的田间杂草进行调查，发现涝渍地油菜田杂草的发生特点与非涝渍地存在明显的区别：在涝渍地区域，棒头草等禾本科杂草生长旺盛，为最优势种群；在非涝渍地田块中，禾本科杂草则几乎没有生长，田问杂草单位面积鲜重也大大降低。通过筛选几种化学除草剂，建立了以乙草胺乳油土壤处理或精禾草克与高特克桶混茎叶喷雾为较优方案的杂草防治措施。     

生态系统评价的回顾与展望--从北美生态区域评价到新千年全球生态系统评估

生态系统评价对于生态系统的可持续经营以及社会可持续发展具有重要意义。本文简要介绍了在生态区域评价的发展过程中具有重要意义的一系列事件，阐述了生态系统评价在北美和全球的发展过程、生态系统评价的有关概念、内容及其对于生态系统可持续经营的重要意义，同时还介绍了我国参与新千年生态系统评估的一些行动，并对中国的生态系统评价提出看法。     

WSSD 2002, Latin America and Brazil: Biodiversity and Indigenous People

Latin America comprehends notable variations in terms of natural environment, availability of natural resources, living standards, and demographic patterns. Latin America is a mosaic of cultures, post- and pre-Columbian. The rich variety of life forms discovered and described by chroniclers and traveling naturalists in the Neotropics contributed to the proposal, in mid-XVIIIth century, of a new system of classification and a scientific code of nomenclature for all organisms. Biodiversity was, for many centuries, a source of resources to be exploited in natura. In scientific circles, its inventory became the domain of taxonomists. But modern technology showed how important the miriad of life forms really are as sources of chemical molecules to be engineered as drugs and reassembled as novel manufactured products. We are on the brink of a new agricultural and medical revolution, thanks to the techniques of genetic engineering, which will lead eventually to the elimination of hunger and malnutrition.In this essay, the Brazilian environmental and social heterogeneity will serve as an example to illustrate some key points, which have influenced sustainability policies. The Amazon deforestation and indigenous knowledge (IK), subjects often associated with areas of high biodiversity, are usually the focus of environmental debates. The importance of IK in integrating development, reducing poverty and sustainability are considered together with the intellectual property rights of native populations.In the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) Implementation Plan, a few paragraphs were dedicated to Latin America, because of the pre-existing Action Platform on the Road to Johannesburg 2002, approved in Rio de Janeiro in October 2001. This paper calls attention to the need to draw up specific environmental policies for a region which shows an extremely high cultural and biological diversity, associated with a high availability of forests and water, among other resources.     

Estimation of methane emission rate changes using age-defined waste in a landfill site

Long term methane emissions from landfill sites are often predicted by first-order decay (FOD) models, in which the default coefficients of the methane generation potential and the methane generation rate given by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are usually used. However, previous studies have demonstrated the large uncertainty in these coefficients because they are derived from a calibration procedure under ideal steady-state conditions, not actual landfill site conditions. In this study, the coefficients in the FOD model were estimated by a new approach to predict more precise long term methane generation by considering region-specific conditions. In the new approach, age-defined waste samples, which had been under the actual landfill site conditions, were collected in Hokkaido, Japan (in cold region), and the time series data on the age-defined waste sample’s methane generation potential was used to estimate the coefficients in the FOD model. The degradation coefficients were 0.050 1/y and 0.062 1/y for paper and food waste, and the methane generation potentials were 214.4 mL/g-wet waste and 126.7 mL/g-wet waste for paper and food waste, respectively. These coefficients were compared with the default coefficients given by the IPCC. Although the degradation coefficient for food waste was smaller than the default value, the other coefficients were within the range of the default coefficients. With these new coefficients to calculate methane generation, the long term methane emissions from the landfill site was estimated at 1.35 × 10⁴ m³-CH₄, which corresponds to approximately 2.53% of the total carbon dioxide emissions in the city (5.34 × 10⁵ t-CO₂/y).     

台湾地区再生资源回收与利用体系特点及启示

应台湾环保协会邀请,浙江省再生资源回收利用协会赴台湾进行参访考察。通过听取介绍、实地察看、座谈交流等多种方式,学习、借鉴台湾地区在再生资源回收利用体系建设方面的做法与经验,并就我国再生资源回收与利用行业的发展提出建议。