改性褐铁矿对砷吸附的强化机制和效果研究

为了提高褐铁矿对砷的吸附能力,分别采用球磨和煅烧的方式对褐铁矿进行改性处理.使用氮气吸脱附法、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对改性材料进行表征,探究其去除水体中As(Ⅴ)的吸附机理及对土壤砷的稳定化效果.结果表明,两种改性方法制备的材料对As(Ⅴ)的吸附过程均符合...     

Prediction and minimization of vertical migration of DNAPLS using surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation at neutral buoyancy

Surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) had previously been thought to require a capillary barrier below the contaminated zone to prevent the vertical migration of a microemulsion containing solubilized DNAPL. This paper shows the vertical migration of the dense microemulsion is described and predicted by the value of three dimensionless scaling groups. Embedded within these scaling groups are four design parameters. The value of these parameters can be manipulated in order to reduce the amount of vertical migration anticipated for a given remediation design. Plots have been constructed that illustrate the relationship between vertical migration and the value of the scaling groups; such plots can be used to predict vertical migration and to determine appropriate screen intervals of extraction wells to ensure full capture of the contaminants. This predictive capability has been verified in laboratory experiments. Predicted migration of the microemulsion agreed within about 2% of that observed. Development of the scaling groups is presented, remediation design implications are discussed, and laboratory verification is shown. Additional discussion of the laboratory work is given in a companion paper [Kostarelos, K., Pope, G.A., Rouse, B.A., Shook, G.M., 1998. A new concept: the use of neutrally-buoyant microemulsions for DNAPL remediation, J. Contam. Hydro., this edition].     

壳聚糖吸附重金属离子的研究进展

综述了,我国近几年来壳聚糖处理含重金属离子废水的研究进展。壳聚糖及其改性产品的吸附性能主要体现在对各种金属离子的吸附上,为了有选择性地吸附某种或某些金属离子,人们通过修饰、交联、接枝等方法对壳聚糖进行了各种改性研究。     

L-谷氨酸改性氧化石墨烯对Cu2+的吸附

采用L-谷氨酸（L-Glu）改性氧化石墨烯（GO）制备吸附剂L-Glu/GO,并进行了XRD、FTIR和SEM表征。考察了不同因素对L-Glu/GO吸附Cu²⁺的影响,并对L-Glu/GO的吸附-解吸能力进行了研究。实验结果表明：L-Glu/GO对Cu²⁺的吸附在10 min内就可达到吸附平衡;在Cu²⁺初始质量浓度为70 mg/L、初始pH为5、L-Glu/GO投加量为0.200 g/L、吸附时间为120 min、吸附温度为30 ℃的条件下,L-Glu/GO的最大吸附量可达292.460 mg/g。准二级动力学和Langmuir模型能很好地拟合此吸附过程,且显示该吸附过程可促进L-Glu/GO对Cu²⁺的吸附。热力学研究结果表明该吸附过程是一个自发的放热过程。经过5次吸附-解吸循环后,L-Glu/GO对Cu²⁺的吸附率仍在92%以上,表明该吸附剂再生性好,可重复使用。     

氨基改性二氧化硅气凝胶的制备及其对镍离子的吸附性能

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为改性剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氨基改性二氧化硅气凝胶,采用FTIR、SEM、TEM和BET技术对其进行了表征,并将其用于对水中镍离子的吸附。表征结果显示,改性前后的气凝胶均具有三维多孔网络结构,比表面积分别为877.35 m²/g和357.76 m²/g,平均孔径分别为10 nm和12 nm。实验结果表明：溶液pH为4~7时改性气凝胶对镍离子均保持较高的吸附量,溶液pH为6左右时吸附量最高;Langmuir等温吸附模型能更好地描述镍离子在改性气凝胶上的吸附行为,其饱和吸附量为70.03 mg/g,改性前仅为29.05 mg/g;改性气凝胶重复使用5次后,仍保持较高的镍离子去除率,重复使用性能良好。     

循环流化床锅炉袋式除尘器改造研究

内蒙古鄂尔多斯双欣电力公司2×300 t/h循环流化床锅炉烟气除尘应用袋式除尘器,投运后除尘器一直存在运行阻力偏高、滤袋破损频繁问题,严重影响锅炉负荷。通过试验测试和数值模拟分析,对滤袋破损原因、烟气参数、除尘器结构型式和流场分布问题进行全面研究,提出科学合理的袋式除尘器改造优化方案;改造实施后,降低设备运行阻力700 Pa,降低引风机电耗,实现锅炉满负荷稳定运行,解决了滤袋破损问题,为企业节约运行成本,创造了经济效益。     

改性水稻秸秆对水中橙黄Ⅱ和亚甲基蓝的脱色

为应对日益严重的印染废水污染和实现水稻秸秆(RS)的高效利用,以改性的水稻秸秆(MRS)为药剂,考察了在不同脱色条件下MRS对染料的脱色性能.结果表明,MRS对溶液中橙黄Ⅱ和亚甲基蓝均具有良好的脱色效果.投加量、反应时间、pH是影响MRS脱色性能的主要因素.正交优化的结果显示,MRS对橙黄Ⅱ和亚甲基蓝脱色率分别达到95.71％和76.35％.与其他几种脱色剂相比,在相同脱色条件下,MRS脱色效果最佳.     

Synthesis and characteristic analysis of coal dust explosion suppressant based on surface modification of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate with methyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil

Coal dust explosion is easy to happen in the process of coal pulverization. In order to reduce the risk of coal dust explosion and promote the safety of coal chemical industry, surface modification of the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) explosion suppressant was performed with methyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil to obtain modified ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (MADP) powder. The explosion suppression and hydrophobic properties of MADP were tested. The experimental results show that after surface modification, MADP overcomes the defect that the traditional ammonium dihydrogen phosphate explosion suppressant is easily affected by moisture, which results in agglomeration; further, MADP has little or no solubility in water and has excellent hydrophobic properties. After surface modification, MADP has better thermal stability and can withstand higher ambient temperatures. MADP can significantly increase the minimum ignition energy, thus reducing the possibility of combustion and explosion. With the increase in the mass concentration of the explosion suppressant, the maximum explosion pressure gradually decreases and delays. Compared with ADP, MADP has better explosion suppression characteristics and can quickly and efficiently suppress explosion.     

棕刚玉渣的硬脂酸湿法改性

以棕刚玉渣、硬脂酸为原料,在乙醇体系中进行机械力化学改性研究。分别研究了球磨过程中球料比、球磨时间、转速、硬脂酸用量、浆料浓度等参数对实验样品亲油化度、活化指数的影响。在最佳工艺基础上进行了正交实验,实验结果表明,适宜条件为硬脂酸用量3.5%,球料比4∶1,球磨时间30 min,球磨转速450 r/min,浆料浓度25%时,实验样品的亲油化度和活化指数分别达到46.8%和100%,且完全疏水。     

改性γ-聚谷氨酸络合重金属离子性能

研究了不同控制条件(温度、Pb2+浓度、pH)对交联改性γ-聚合谷氨酸(γ-PGA)吸附重金属离子所形成的絮凝颗粒性质的影响,对于治理水中重金属污染的相关研究有一定参考价值。实验表明,C-L-γ-PGA絮凝吸附Pb2+的最佳温度段在30℃附近。随着交联度的增加,不同的Pb2+浓度影响絮凝颗粒的大小,当处于较低浓度时,静电引力成为影响絮凝颗粒粒径最主要的因素,当Pb2+浓度增加到一定程度时,重金属的吸附量成为絮凝颗粒的粒径的决定因素。溶液pH达到7附近时,能够形成粒径最大的絮凝颗粒,并出现了最大的Pb2+去除率。C-L-γ-PGA对其他重金属离子也有类似的吸附絮凝作用,且絮凝吸附强弱顺序为Cu2+>Cr3+>Pb2+>Hg2+。吸附絮凝颗粒的粒径反映了重金属被吸附之后分离的难易程度,因此研究不同条件对絮凝颗粒粒径的影响对重金属离子的吸附和去除有重要意义。