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581.
从岩豆(Millettia dielsiana Harms ex Diels)种妇中分离纯化得到的岩豆凝集素(简称MDL)经链霉蛋白酶水解,测得其分子中含有4个色氨酸(Trp)残基。用N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)对MDL分子中的色氨酸残基进行化学修饰,在无变性剂存在下有3.6个Trp残基被修饰,在变性条件下可修饰3.8个Trp残基。修饰后MDL活性均丧失,且甘露糖对MDL活性雎有保护作用。表明Tr 相似文献
582.
AS法制浆废液改性减水剂实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过实验,对AS法麦草、芦苇造纸制浆废液加入Ba(OH)2溶液和吐温-80进行化学改性,制成木素磺酸盐为主要成份的混凝土减水剂,制得的减水剂的3项主要性能指标均达到以国家标准,它们在掺量3‰时净浆减水率为6%-8%,砂浆减水率为15%-16%,掺麦草、芦苇浆废液减水剂的砂浆3d抗压强度分别提高28%和30%,7d抗压强度分别提高18.6和26.4%。 相似文献
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584.
Loibl W Bolhàr-Nordenkampf HR Herman F Smidt S 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2004,11(3):171-180
GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: Ozone is the most important air pollutant in Europe for forest ecosystems and the increase in the last decades is significant. The ozone impact on forests can be calculated and mapped based on the provisional European Critical Level (AOT40 = accumulated exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb, 10,000 ppb x h for 6 months of one growing season calculated for 24 h day(-1)). For Norway spruce, the Austrian main tree species, the ozone risk was assessed in a basis approach and because the calculations do not reflect the health status of forests in Austria, the AOT40 concept was developed. METHODS: Three approaches were outlined and maps were generated for Norway spruce forests covering the entire area of Austria. The 1st approach modifies the AOT40 due to the assumption that forests have adapted to the pre-industrial levels of ozone, which increase with altitude (AOTalt). The 2nd approach modifies the AOT40 according to the ozone concentration in the sub-stomata cavity. This approach is based on such factors as light intensity and water vapour saturation deficit, which affect stomatal uptake (AOTsto). The 3rd approach combines both approaches and includes the hemeroby. The pre-industrial ozone level approach was applied for autochthonous ('natural') forest areas, the ozone-uptake approach for non-autochthonous ('altered') forest areas. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The provisional Critical Level (AOT40) was established to allow a uniform assessment of the ozone risk for forested areas in Europe. In Austria, where ozone risk is assessed with utmost accuracy due to the dense grid of monitoring plots of the Forest Inventory and because the continuously collected data from more than 100 air quality measuring stations, an exceedance up to the five fold of the Critical Level was found. The result could lead to a yield loss of up to 30-40% and to a severe deterioration in the forest health status. However, the data of the Austrian Forest Inventory and the Austrian Forest Damage Monitoring System do not reflect such an ozone impact. Therefore, various approaches were outlined including the tolerance and avoidance mechanisms of Norway spruce against ozone impact. Taking into consideration the adaptation of forests to the pre-industrial background level of ozone, the AOT40 exceedances are markedly reduced (1st approach). Taking into account the stomatal uptake of ozone, unrealistic high amounts of exceedances up to 10,000 ppb x h were found. The modelled risk does not correspond with the health status and the wood increment of the Austrian forests (2nd approach). Consolidating the forgoing two approaches, a final map including the hemeroby was generated. It became clear that the less natural ('altered') forested regions are highly polluted. This means, that more than half of the spruce forests are endangered by ozone impact and AOT40 values of up to 30,000 ppb x h occur (3rd approach). CONCLUSIONS: The approaches revealed that a plausible result concerning the ozone impact on spruce forests in Austria could only be reached by combining pre-industrial ozone levels, ozone flux into the spruce needles and the hemeroby of forests. 相似文献
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Summary. Breeding burrows of Parastizopus armaticeps armaticeps, a fossorial desert tenebrionid beetle, are cleptoparasitised by the closely related Eremostibes opacus. Gas chromatographic analyses show a high congruity of the cuticular hydrocarbons of both species. We compare these hydrocarbon
patterns with those of four other Stizopina species and the Scaurini Herpiscius sommeri. In a bioassay, dummies treated with cuticular hydrocarbon extracts of E. opacus and the P. a. bifidus parasite E. bushmanicus were mostly ignored by P. a. armaticeps, whereas dummies with applied extracts of the remaining species were heavily attacked. We show that there is a correlation
between agonistic behaviour of P. a. armaticeps towards the intruder and the chemical similarity of the cuticular hydrocarbons of the two species. Furthermore, we produced
quantitatively modified hydrocarbon patterns of E. barbatus by changing the temperature at which this species was kept. The new 30 °C type was chemically similar to E. opacus, and was frequently ignored by P. a. armaticeps, whereas a reduction of the temperature to 20 °C only had minor effects on the hydrocarbon pattern. Furthermore, we show
that the addition of one single component, heptacosane, to the cuticular hydrocarbon extract of E. opacus alters the host’s reaction. We discuss the role of cuticular hydrocarbons for the recognition of this host-parasite system
and the relevance of quantitative characters in the hydrocarbon pattern for the discrimination of the host. 相似文献
588.
粘土改性条件的研究Ⅱ.沸石的改性 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
考察了改性沸石的CTMAB加入量、CTMAB溶液浓度和吸附时间对CTMAB吸附量的影响 .测得沸石对CTMAB的饱和吸附容量为 6 5 0 0± 1 0 0mg·1 0 0g- 1沸石 ,明显高于改性膨润土的饱和吸附量 ,吸附符合Langmuir吸附特征 . 2 5℃时 ,当CTMAB的加入量为沸石饱和吸附容量的 1 1— 1 2倍 ,CTMAB溶液浓度≥ 1 6mg·ml- 1,吸附时间超过 6h时 ,沸石基本达到饱和吸附 .考察了有机沸石对于水中BTEX的去除效果 .并对沸石和膨润土的性质进行了比较 . 相似文献
589.
590.
硅藻土的复合改性及其对水溶液中Cd2+的吸附特性 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
鉴于单一常规方法对硅藻土吸附性能的改善空间有限,为了显著改善硅藻土的吸附性能,应用酸活化-钠化-柱撑-焙烧复合改性工艺对硅藻土实施了改性,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(IR)对硅藻土改性前后微观形貌、物相组成和官能团的变化进行了分析,探究了硅藻土改性前后对Cd~(2+)的吸附能力与机制.结果表明,最佳复合改性工艺条件为:硫酸体积分数10%,NaCl质量分数6%,OH/Al摩尔比2.2,焙烧温度150℃;改性后,硅藻土对Cd~(2+)的吸附容量由原来的5.44 mg·g~(-1)提升至9.60 mg·g~(-1),提升了76.5%;改性前后硅藻土对Cd~(2+)的吸附均符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和二级动力学模型,吸附以物理过程为主.SEM、XRD和IR分析结果均表明,经复合改性,硅藻土壳体杂质得到清除,聚合羟基铝离子(Al13)成功引入硅藻土孔道并发挥柱撑作用,硅藻土壳体孔隙结构得到了充分改善. 相似文献