湖北鸭儿湖表层沉积物与鱼体中Hg质量比的相关性研究

采用固/液Hg自动分析仪,对采自湖北鸭儿湖氧化塘的鲢鱼、鳙鱼及表层沉积物(0～20 cm)中Hg质量比进行了检测.1998年采集的畸形鲢鱼鱼肉中Hg的平均质量比为(1.723±0.926) mg/kg (n=5),分别是美国FDA人体健康影响标准(1.0 mg/kg) 和我国食品卫生标准(0.3 mg/kg)的3.2倍和10.6倍,超标率均达100%;2002 年采集的畸形鲢鱼、畸形鳙鱼鱼肉中Hg的平均质量比分别为(0.572±0.118) mg/kg(n=10)和(0.739±0.118) mg/kg (n=10),是我国Hg食品卫生标准的1.9倍和2.5倍,超标率达100%.沉积物中Hg的平均质量比为5.08 mg/kg.两年采集的鸭儿湖氧化塘鱼肉、表层沉积物中总Hg质量比的分析和比较表明,表层沉积物中Hg质量比与鱼体内Hg质量比呈明显的正相关性(R=0.959).研究结果表明,污水养鱼中Hg通过食物链所导致的食品安全问题应引起人们高度关注.     

微波干燥制备Ag/TiO2的光催化活性试验研究

利用钛酸丁酯溶胶—凝胶法制备TiO2凝胶,通过光化学沉积法在TiO2凝胶表面负载Ag,采用微波对凝胶进行干燥制备TiO2光催化剂。以甲基橙为模拟污染物进行光催化降解试验,结果表明该方法制备的Ag/TiO2催化剂光催化活性明显提高。     

Simultaneous size characterization and mass quantification of the in vivo core-biocorona structure and dissolved species of silver nanoparticles

Size characterization of silver nanoparticles with biomolecule corona(AgNP@BCs) and mass quantification of various silver species in organisms are essential for understanding the in vivo transformation of Ag NPs. Herein, we report a versatile method that allows simultaneous determination of the size of AgNP@BCs and mass concentration of various silver species in rat liver. Both particulate and ionic silver were extracted in their original forms from the organs by alkaline digestion, and analyzed by size exclusion chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(SEC-ICP-MS). While the silver mass concentrations were quantified by ICP-MS with a detection limit of 0.1 μg/g, the effective diameter of AgNP@BCs was determined based on the retention time in SEC separation with size discrimination of 0.6-3.3 nm. More importantly, we found that the BC thickness of AgNP@BCs is core size independent, and a linear correlation was found between the effective diameter and core diameter of AgNP@BCs in extracted tissues, which was used to calibrate the core diameter with standard deviations in the range of 0.2-1.1 nm. The utility of this strategy was demonstrated through application to rat livers in vivo. Our method is powerful for investigating the transformation mechanism of Ag NPs in vivo.     

Impact of silver nanoparticles on natural marine biofilm bacteria

There has been a recent increase in the use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in a wide range of consumer products due to their highly effective antimicrobial properties. However, Ag NPs give cause for concern since their wide use makes them likely to be released into aquatic ecosystems and potentially affect natural bacterial communities. In this study marine biofilms were grown in situ in a coastal site (Singapore Harbour) and exposed in the laboratory for a further 24 h to 0-2000 μg L⁻¹ of well characterised Ag NPs. Increasing concentrations of Ag NPs caused a significant decrease in biofilm volume and biomass, and Ag uptake by biofilms per unit of volume was also dependent on concentration. Terminal fragment length polymorphisms and subsequent cluster and phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of major bacterial groups in biofilms irrespective of treatment with Ag NPs. This implies that even at the highest concentrations studied these taxonomic groups were not displaced. Nevertheless, biofilm succession was impeded on Ag NP treated biofilms, affecting the relative abundance of major bacterial groups in the biofilm community, with potential longer term effects on biofilm development and function.