低能耗污水处理技术的应用

以蚌埠市第三污水处理厂为例,详细介绍工程中所应用的一体化技术、低溶氧技术、同时硝化/反硝化技术、微孔软管曝气技术、新型推流技术等低能耗污水处理技术,并从反应机理、处理效果、节能效果等方面加以分析和比较,为相关技术人员选择污水处理工艺提供了新的思路。     

Variation in levels of reactive oxygen species is explained by maternal identity, sex and body-size-corrected clutch size in a lizard

Many organisms show differences between males and females in growth rate and crucial life history parameters, such as longevity. Considering this, we may expect levels of toxic metabolic by-products of the respiratory chain, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), to vary with age and sex. Here, we analyse ROS levels in female Australian painted dragon lizards (Ctenophorus pictus) and their offspring using fluorescent probes and flow cytometry. Basal level of four ROS species (singlet oxygen, peroxynitrite, superoxide and H₂O₂) measured with a combined marker, and superoxide measured specifically, varied significantly among families but not between the sexes. When blood cells from offspring were chemically encouraged to accelerate the electron transport chain by mitochondrial uncoupling, net superoxide levels were three times higher in daughters than sons (resulting in levels outside of the normal ROS range) and varied among mothers depending on offspring sex (significant interaction between maternal identity and offspring sex). In offspring, there were depressive effects on ROS of size-controlled relative clutch size, which relies directly on circulating levels of vitellogenin, a confirmed antioxidant in some species. Thus, levels of reactive oxygen species varies among females, offspring and in relation to reproductive investment in a manner that makes its regulatory processes likely targets of selection.     

不同添加剂对聚氨酯泡沫材料阻燃性能的影响

为研究不同添加剂对聚氨酯泡沫材料阻燃性能的影响,对磷酸、硼酸、杨梅单宁阻燃剂3种添加剂处理后的聚氨酯泡沫材料与标准样分别测定氧指数、热值、烟密度等级和热稳定性,并以层次分析法评价阻燃性能优劣。结果表明:4种材料PUF STD、PUF PA、PUF BA、PUF FR的OI、CV依次分别为34.71%、38.59%、35.88%、37.86%,17.4023、16.7037、15.3197、15.0397kJ/g,燃烧时均少烟,热稳定性排序为:TS PA>TS STD>TS FR>TS BA;采用层次分析法分析3种添加剂对聚氨酯泡沫材料阻燃性能的影响顺序由优到劣为:PUF PA>PUF FR>PUF BA>PUF STD。该结论可为聚氨酯材料阻燃添加剂的选择提供参考方向。     

不同粒径易自燃煤常温氧化实验研究*

为探究易自燃煤在常温条件下的氧化特性,自行设计煤常温封闭氧化实验装置,采用实验研究与回归分析2种方法,分析易自燃煤发生氧化反应的气体变化过程,探究3种粒径煤样在20 ℃有限空间内的耗氧与产气特征。结果表明:易自燃煤样在16 d常温封闭氧化过程中,容器内O2体积浓度呈指数衰减、CO和CO2体积浓度呈指数增长的变化规律;在0.06~0.83 mm范围内,粒径越大,易自燃煤耗氧速率越大,CO和CO2产生速率则先增大后减小;介于中间的粒径为0.13~0.25 mm易自燃煤氧化反应最强烈,更容易发生氧化。研究结果对揭示生产环境温度下煤粒粒径对煤自燃的影响有一定的意义。     

Role of the reduction site in the fluorinated or sulfated TiO2 photocatalytic process

In this article,the effects of TiO_2 surface fluorination and sulfation,on the active oxygen species formed at the reduction site in the photocatalytic process,namely O_2~(?) and H_2O_2,were investigated from a new perspective.The superoxide radical,(O_2~(?)),was determined by colorimetry of nitroblue tetrazolium,a prominent O_2~(?) scavenger.Hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) was estimated by using the iodide-starch method.In the naked TiO_2 photocatalysis,O_2~(?) though less reactive,was a very important intermediate.When the TiO_2 surface was fluorinated,more O_2~(?) and H_2O_2 were produced,which indicated that the surface modification could greatly reduce the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes,thus enhancing the photocatalytic rate.In the sulfated system,photocatalysis proceeded with a more complicated mechanism.These results added support to the view of fluoride-induced enhancement and sulfide's nonappreciable inhibition effect.     

基于极化SAR的河流有机物污染监测研究

选择我国南方水质变化梯度较为明显的典型河流为对象,分析基于C波段极化合成孔径雷达(极化SAR)的河流水污染监测评估技术.引入了随机粗糙面电磁散射理论对污染水域的散射特性进行了建模,研究了水体污染可能对散射模型及参数的影响,分析了同步得到的极化SAR数据与水体常用污染指标的监测数据.通过比较19个采样点的后向散射系数与同步监测的水质指标,发现化学需氧量(COD)与HH和VV通道的后向散射系数比成正相关性,这与由电磁理论建立的散射模型及水体污染对散射模型参数影响的分析相符.利用最小二乘法,拟合得到了利用HH与VV通道后向散射系数比来反演化学需氧量的公式,拟合结果的相关系数达到0.90.本研究建立了利用极化SAR的HH与VV通道后向散射系数比监测水体有机物污染的模型,该模型主要通过分析同步监测数据获得,基于电磁散射理论的分析支持了该模型的有效性.     

呼吸型填埋场覆盖层技术研究Ⅰ：热动力自充氧装置构建

填埋场最终覆盖层（以下简称＂覆盖层＂）中的氧气含量是影响甲烷氧化效果的重要因素.本研究基于空气热力学原理提出了一种呼吸型覆盖层技术,构建了利用垃圾堆体与外界环境的温差而实现覆盖层自充氧的热动力自充氧装置,并优化了其空气/氧气充气效率.结果表明,导气管路内空气流速（v）与温差（ΔT）呈线性关系（v=0.0281ΔT-0....     

Modification of CeO2-ZrO2 catalyst by potassium for NOx-assisted soot oxidation

Potassium-modified ceria-zirconia catalyst was synthesized by wetness impregnation method.The ageing treatment was performed in static air at 800°C for 20 hr to evaluate the thermal stability of the catalyst.The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction,BET surface area,oxygen storage capacity,NOx-temperature programmed desorption and soot-temperature programmed oxidation measurements.By introduction of potassium,the maximum soot oxidation rate temperature(Tm) of the ceria-zirconia based catalyst de...     

好氧颗粒污泥处理青霉素废水研究

青霉素在其生产过中产生大量的废水,其COD值较高,生化性较差,成分复杂,微生物难以降解,其处理技术是世界性难题。文章采用以葡萄糖模拟废水培养的好氧颗粒污泥为接种体,经青霉素废水逐步驯化后,使其完全处理青霉素废水。实验结果表明,应用好氧颗粒污泥技术,处理青霉素废水,COD,NH3-N,TP去除率较高,具有很好的处理效果。     

辽河盘锦段与河口海域水体氮素分布特征及其与溶解氧的关系

选取辽河盘锦段至河口近岸海域区域进行研究水体中氨氮、硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的分布特征及其与溶解氧的关系进行研究。结果表明水中氮素含量高于海水,且氨氮表现尤为突出,可能与水体中溶解氧含量和微生物环境、海水的稀释和迁移有很大关系;河水中氮素与溶解氧的呈显著负相关,而海水中氮素与溶解氧的关系不明显。这可能与海水的质化作用有关。