高炉煤气袋式除尘系统的问题及改进

钢铁生产会产生大量的煤气.袋式除尘是高炉煤气除尘的发展方向.对重钢高炉煤气袋式除尘系统问题的分析研究结果表明:要使钢铁企业煤气除尘系统更高效、低耗、环保的运行,必须采用灵活、可操作性强的煤气温度调节手段,选择适宜的阀门和喷吹控制方式,优化除尘灰的保温模式和卸灰设备的结构等.     

Modeling Prescribed Surface-Fire Regimes for Pinus strobus Conservation

Abstract:  We developed a simple model of   Pinus strobus L. stand dynamics to compare the impacts of different temporal arrangements of surface fires designed to reflect the application of fire as both an essential ecosystem process (natural fire) and as an efficient means of producing specific habitat features or other values (optimal fire). We used a stochastic simulation model of fire processes to estimate the mean fire-return interval that would maximize stand structural diversity. We investigated trade-offs between structural diversity and temporal population stability associated with changes in the fire interval and used a deterministic version of the model to explore the effects of scheduling fires at fixed intervals. In stochastic simulations, maximum structural diversity occurred at intermediate levels of disturbance (40-year mean fire interval). When fires were scheduled at fixed intervals, a longer, 100-year return interval maximized diversity. Mean fire-return interval was a mitigating factor in the diversity-stability relationship, which changed from positive to negative as the fire interval was reduced progressively from 250 to 5 years. As an alternative to scheduling fires at specified mean intervals, we developed a goal-programming model (a form of linear programming model) and used it to identify an optimal fire schedule for achieving habitat and visual-quality objectives. In comparison with the 40-year stochastic mean fire interval, which maximized structural diversity, the optimal schedule produced comparable levels of both diversity and fire frequency. Our results show how simulation and goal-programming models can be used to evaluate prescribed fire-scheduling alternatives and to explore the comparative advantages of natural and optimal fire-management approaches.     

Modelling the response of tree growth to temperature and CO2 elevation as related to the fertility and current temperature sum of a site

A methodology for simulating climate change impacts on tree growth was introduced into a statistical growth and yield model in relation to variations in site fertility and location implemented with current temperature sum. This was based on a procedure in which the relative enhancement in stem volume growth was calculated from short-term runs of a physiological simulation model for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stands. These simulations were made for a set of stands with species-specific variations in stand characteristics, location and fertility type first in current climatic conditions and then in different combinations of CO₂ and temperature elevations. Based on these simulations, the relative enhancement of volume growth induced by the climate change (relative scenario effect, RSEv) was calculated and modelled in relation to: (i) CO₂ and temperature elevation, stand density and the competition status of the tree in its stand, and (ii) variations in site fertility type and current temperature sum of a stand. Finally, these transfer functions for RSEv were applied to adapt the stem volume growth in the statistical growth and yield model to reflect the response to climate change.     

Intermittent breeding as a cost of site fidelity

Intermittent breeding (skipping a breeding season) can be the result of an adaptive decision by a focal individual, trading current reproductive success in favour of future reproductive success (residual reproductive value hypothesis). In contrast, an individual can also be forced by conspecifics to abandon the familiar breeding site and refrain from breeding due to lack of suitable alternative breeding sites or mates (competition hypothesis). I studied intermittent breeding in the territorial and site-faithful Eurasian oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, using a dataset covering 20 years. Intermittent breeding (in total 86 cases) occurred among breeders that formerly bred in high- as well as low-quality territories. The main factor associated with intermittent breeding in high-quality sites was death of a mate, while in low quality sites divorce was the most prominent factor. In 93% of the cases birds were forced to cease breeding due to pressure from conspecifics consistent with the competition hypothesis. There was no association between intermittent breeding and promotion to a territory of better quality. Instead, oystercatchers returned to breeding habitat of similar quality and at a very close distance (median distance 128 m) from the previous breeding location. Breeding absences lasted on average 2.4 years, with a maximum of 9 years, and the quality of the territory obtained after the absence varied with the duration of it. Birds who re-bred in a high-quality territory acquired this on average faster than those that re-bred in a low-quality territory, indicating that birds in high-quality sites are better competitors.     

拟威克酵母产生表面活性剂的发酵条件

通过单因子试验和正交试验,对拟威克酵母WickerhamielladomercqiaeY2A产生槐糖脂的发酵培养基组成和发酵条件进行了优化.培养基组成为:8.0%葡萄糖、8.0%菜子油、0.3%酵母粉;发酵条件为:初始pH值6.0、接种量2.5%、发酵时间120h.在此条件下,槐糖脂产量可达到41.3gL-1.图4表5参16     

Sex-specific differences in site fidelity and the cost of dispersal in yellow-headed blackbirds

Male migratory birds tend to be more faithful than females to previous breeding sites, suggesting sex differences in costs or benefits of dispersal. In Illinois, greater site fidelity by male yellow-headed blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) was associated with reduced reproductive success the following year for dispersers relative to non-dispersers. Dispersing females suffered no reduction in reproductive success the following year. Males that attracted few social mates, and thus had low reproductive success, were more likely to disperse, whereas females dispersed in response to low-patch reproductive success, regardless of their individual performance. Males that dispersed appeared to be successful acquiring territories because none was observed as a floater. The rate of dispersal by males in this low-density population was greater than in more dense populations where dispersing males may be less successful at acquiring territories. Despite success at obtaining territories, males that dispersed acquired territories on the periphery of wetlands where fewer females nested, resulting in lower reproductive success. In the second year after dispersing, however, males moved onto more central territories where they acquired larger harems. Thus, dispersal by males may be a long-term strategy requiring at least 2 years for benefits to be realized. Long-term success was enhanced because dispersing males moved to wetlands on which reproductive success was higher than on the wetlands they left. In addition to demonstrating that both individual and patch reproductive success affect dispersal decisions, these data indicate that when evaluating costs and benefits of dispersal, researchers should use a time frame beyond 1 year.     

AGA法及其在非线性数学模型参数估计中的应用

介绍了在基因算法基础上改进的加速基因算法（ＡＧＡ），并通过环境非线性数学模型参数估计实例对该法与传统参数估计方法进行了比较。初步结果表明，ＡＧＡ法直观、简便、拟合精度高、通用性强，易为广大环境工程技术人员理解和使用。     

沈阳市填埋场填埋气利用途径比较

通过对国外填埋气体的利用情况介绍和国内现有填埋气体利用途径的比较,得出沈阳市填埋气体适于发电的结论。     

筒形件无压边圈拉深工艺参数优化设计

通过对筒形件极限拉深系数的影响因素进行分析 ,确定合适的凸凹模圆角半径是提高拉深件质量的重要途径 ,将塑性理论和优化算法相结合 ,以筒形件达到最小的极限拉深系数为优化目标 ,对筒形件无压边圈拉深工艺参数优化设计进行了研究。并且通过具体算例证明了所采用的优化模型及算法是有效的     

低浊水处理效果优化研究

针对孚日家纺水厂出现的处理效果不理想这一问题，通过设计烧杯搅拌实验，研究不同混凝剂及与助凝剂PAM联用对低浊水浊度处理的影响。结果表明，单独采用聚合氯化铝铁PAFC比聚合氯化铝PAC混凝效果好，而与PAM联合使用比单独采用一种混凝剂的处理效果显著。从经济方面，对硫酸铝AS和氯化铁FC进行了试验分析，得出了硫酸铝AS与PAM联用，有可靠的除浊效果。