粉煤灰静电脱炭技术研究

本文介绍粉煤灰静电脱炭资源化利用技术的试验研究.利用YNDF-I型立式电场粉煤灰脱炭装置进行优化试验,提出电压、极板间距、摩擦分散器材料、粉尘浓度及气体流量等运行工艺特性参数与静电脱炭率的相关关系.试验结果表明,该立式电场脱炭装置在最优工艺参数条件下运行时,可使粉煤灰脱炭后的精灰含炭量降低到1.20%,脱炭率达86.74%,能够直接代替水泥用作建筑材料或修筑公路路面,具有较高的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益,为粉煤灰资源化利用提供了一种新的途径.     

A grey multi-objective programming approach for sustainable land-use in the Miyun Reservoir basin, China

Miyun Reservoir is the most important water source to Beijing City. Land-use of the basin plays a great role in the protection of water resources. Hence a sustainable land-use planning is required to optimize land-use structure and protect water resources in the basin. Based on the complete land-use system analysis in Miyun, a grey multi-objective programming to basin land-use(GMOPBLU)model was developed and applied to land-use planning. Two alternatives were produced and analyzed by means of interactive adjustment and scenano analysis. The results showed the GMOPBLU model is a valuable approach for basin land-use planning.     

城市垃圾中转站选址优化模型的建立及其应用

为寻求一种城市垃圾中转站优化选址方法,根据城市垃圾收运系统的特点,引入逆向物流系统选址规划的理念,选用集合覆盖模型对中转站的位置进行初步优化,确定了垃圾中转站的待选点;在此基础上,运用整数规划构建整个城市垃圾收运系统费用现值最小模型,对城市垃圾中转站的初步规划进行二次优化,从待选点中选出垃圾中转站的最优组合,并计算出其分别接纳的垃圾量.通过实例分析,验证了城市垃圾中转站二次优化选址的可行性、实用性,可为垃圾收运系统的规划与设计提供参考依据.     

Persistence and developmental transition of wide seismic lines in the western Boreal Plains of Canada

This study examined the fate of seismic lines utilized in oil and gas exploration in Canada's western Boreal Plains. It retrospectively followed the persistence, recovery and developmental transition of seismic lines established between the 1960s and the mid-1970s through to 2003. We examined lines that passed through three forest types; aspen, white spruce, and lowland black spruce. In general, the recovery rates of seismic lines to woody vegetation were low. After 35 years, 8.2% of seismic lines across all forest types had recovered to greater than 50% cover of woody vegetation. Only the upland forest types recovered; aspen and white spruce. Most seismic lines ( approximately 65% at 35 years) remained in a cleared state with a cover of low forbs. The most common transition for seismic lines was to tracked access ( approximately 20% at 35 years). Transition to other anthropogenic developments such as roads, pipelines, buildings, and timber harvest blocks was 5% after 35 years. The pulse of industrial activity initiated in the mid-1990s greatly increased the transition rate of seismic to tracked access for a short period of time. The discussion focused on natural and anthropogenic factors that hinder recovery and on the management directions that would facilitate greater recovery rates.     

洪涝灾害后区域水环境中污染物迁移转化控制研究

洪涝灾害发生后,大量洪水会携带污水与各类垃圾,以及形成的径流冲刷,将导致水体中的污染物明显增加,严重破坏生态环境.以多环芳烃为例进行了洪涝灾害后区域水环境中污染物迁移转化控制研究,分析污染物吸附机理,分别建立吸附动力学方程与等温线模型,确定污染物在挥发去除作用中的速度,计算挥发损失程度;并结合对流作用、分子扩散、放射性...     

基于灾变的人群疏散避灾路径优化及应用

突发事件条件下的应急疏散是一个复杂的过程,不仅要考虑时间因素,而且要考虑疏散网络中各路段的受灾风险水平。因此,对于人群快速转移避灾路径的解算结果,不仅要求快速,还要求避灾。基于灾害预测的疏散路径优化理论模型,在求解时变灾害条件下,集成考虑实时与未来灾害影响的转移避灾路径优化算法。采用C#程序设计语言和Visual studio 2013平台,开发了进行模型算法实现的原型系统,并通过算例进行了说明。结果表明:在预先设置的灾害情景中,提出的模型算法可以提前规划出避开灾害且疏散时间较短的路径,为制定应急预案提供参考依据。     

初探场地土壤及地下水调查采样方法

随着我国环境保护力度的不断加大,环境调查工作正在有序的开展,其中场地土壤、地下水污染是环境调查的重点,而科学的调查采样方法则是确保调查结果准确性、客观性的必然要求。有鉴于此,首先从污染场地特征分析、调查目标两个角度介绍了场地环境调查的准备工作,然后探讨了布点中的前期准备以及具体方法,最后围绕土壤样品以及地下水样品的采集与保存做了分析。     

SCR脱硝装置关键断面的流场试验及系统优化

选择性催化还原脱硝是NO X治理最佳技术,其脱硝效率、氨逃逸率与关键断面的流场状况密切相关。以某300 MW机组SCR脱硝装置为对象,在锅炉冷态通风条件下,对SCR反应器入口导流板出口、上层及中层催化剂床层上方0.5 m处3个断面进行流场测试,结果表明:沿烟气流动方向,3个断面A/B侧相对偏差系数分别为0.33/0.40、0.27/0.29、0.16/0.18,均呈现甲乙侧均匀,而前后墙差异大的特点。由于格栅、床层的整流作用,后续烟气流动的均匀性不断改善。通过建立全尺寸三维计算模型,CFD数值模拟优化结果显示,对非等距布置后墙的18个整流格栅逐渐加高,可使上层催化剂床层上方0.5 m处速度偏差从27.0%降到12.2%。     

Systematic incorporation of inherent safety in hazardous chemicals supply chain optimization

Increasing globalization has made many chemical supply chains large, interdependent and complex. Process incidents often affect the reliability of a supply chain and can cause large disruptions at different segments of the industry. We propose an optimization-based framework that systematically takes into account the trade-offs between process safety and supply chain economics for decision-making. We quantify the hazard at various supply chain echelons in the form of a safety index that takes both fire and toxic hazards into account. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP)-based model is developed to either maximize profit for specified hazard limits, or to minimize hazard in a supply chain with multiple production plants, technological options, warehouses and distribution nodes. The MINLP model is used to generate trade-off optimal solutions for various toxic and fire hazard limits. The framework is demonstrated by applying it to an end-to-end ammonia supply chain case study which resulted in several non-intuitive observations regarding hazardous supply chain design and optimization.     

基于不同指标无量纲化方法的岩爆预测模型优选

为研究不同指标无量纲化方法对岩爆等级预测模型精度的影响,提高岩爆预测准确率,选取应力系数、脆性系数和弹性能量指数作为预测指标。基于104组岩爆实例大样本数据,采用统一极差处理法、差异化极差处理法、平均化处理法和归一化处理法4种指标无量钢化方法,对预测指标的原始数据进行处理,建立不同的岩爆预测距离判别模型并进行工程实例应用。研究结果表明:基于平均化处理法的岩爆预测模型的回判准确率高达97.1%;对不同矿山、隧道和水电站的6个工程实例的预测结果符合实际情况,说明其是一种准确率高、方便实用的岩爆预测模型。