管棚预支护条件下隧道开挖面稳定的可靠度分析

为考虑土体参数的变异性对隧道开挖面稳定性的影响,基于可靠度理论,采用三维弹塑性有限元数值模拟方法,计算管棚预支护条件下隧道开挖面极限支护力;以不同工况下地层参数及其极限支护压力比作为样本,待BP神经网络训练完毕后,即可预测大量给定地层参数工况下的开挖面极限支护压力比,对其进行统计,得到概率分布特征;在理论分析的基础上,结合工程实际,建立了管棚预支护条件下隧道开挖面稳定的极限状态方程,运用粒子群优化算法,对其进行可靠度分析。研究结果表明:采用管棚预支护的隧道,开挖面支护压力存在极限值,达到该值后,增加较小幅度的支护力,就能较大程度地提高隧道开挖面稳定的可靠度。     

基于回归分析的群集疏散时间模型优化研究

为提高国际上通用的疏散时间模型(简称经验模型)的仿真度,将人员的属性因素(自然属性和社会属性)影响纳入时间模型,采用回归分析方法,以某高校大型大学生艺术中心疏散案例为研究基础,通过调查采样建立185组数据的实测样本。结合影响人员疏散行为和疏散时间相关因素,运用统计软件SPSS17.0对样本进行回归分析,建立疏散时间回归模型。以回归模型为基础,将个体属性综合为群集属性,求取修正系数并对经验模型进行修正、检验。结果表明:利用回归分析和修正系数对疏散时间经验模型进行修正,可有效弥补经验模型缺乏考虑群集属性影响的弱点,提高经验模型的仿真度和应用价值。     

油气集输及处理节能减排的实践与探索

通过分析某作业区节能减排的现状、潜力及存在问题,结合典型实例,探讨了油田节能减排的途径和主要方法:应建立和完善各项节能减排制度,在推进能源节约、推行污染减排、加强资源综合利用等方面,实现全方位立体化节能减排。同时,应制定中长期工作规划,淘汰高能耗设备、应用新技术、加大监督检查力度等措施以实现油田企业可持续发展。     

城市绿地土壤入渗模型及参数确定

采用降雨径流法和正交实验L9（34）获得了天津中心城区绿地土壤入渗曲线,选取Kostiakov模型、Kostiakov-Lewis模型、Philip模型、Horton模型、Collis-George模型对土壤入渗过程进行描述,利用粒子群算法确定模型参数,使用剩余平方和对模型进行评价。结果表明,Horton模型较常用的K...     

整体合建倒置A^2O氧化沟中试试验及参数优化

以处理20m^3／d城镇生活污水的深沟型气升推流立体循环倒置A^2O整体合建氧化沟中试装置为研究平台,通过对影响该工艺运行的有机物的去除效果、硝化反应与反硝化反应效果及除磷效果等因素进行探索及最佳工况的正交试验设计,实验结果表明该工艺对BOD,、COD、SS、NH4^-N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为94．25％、90...     

重组大肠杆菌产CotA漆酶的发酵条件优化

CotA漆酶在环境保护、食品工业和纸浆漂白等工业中具有重要的应用价值.将重组表达载体pET-22b/CotA转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),得到工程菌株,采用单因素实验和正交实验相结合的方法,研究诱导表达条件和发酵培养基对重组大肠杆菌产CotA漆酶量的影响.结果表明,初始pH 7.5的培养基中,添加0.6 mmol L-1 Cu2+,1 g L-1葡萄糖作碳源、15 g L-1蛋白胨和2 g L-1硫酸铵作氮源,以10%的接种量,37℃、200 r/min,直到菌液的D600 nm值为1.0,加入终浓度为1.0 mmol L-1的IPTG,25℃诱导12 h,漆酶的产量最高.优化前发酵液的粗提液的漆酶活性仅为1 190 U mL-1,优化后达到3 526 U mL-1,正交实验优化后漆酶活性提高了2.96倍.纯化的CotA漆酶最适反应温度为45℃,最适pH值为7.2.CotA漆酶对RBBR的脱色率在90%以上,此CotA漆酶在短时间内对染料能够有效地脱色,能够成为有潜力的工业用酶.图6表3参17     

2株石油降解菌生长和降解石油条件的优化

对2株石油降解菌DH-5和DH-9生长的最适培养基成分以及降解石油的最佳环境条件进行了筛选。结果表明,DH-5的最佳培养基成分为ρ(原油)1 g.L-1、ρ(氮源)400 mg.L-1、ρ(磷源)200 mg.L-1、ρ(酵母浸出液)20 mg.L-1,最有效利用的氨基酸为精氨酸,最适环境条件为pH 7.0、盐度20、温度15～30℃;DH-9的最佳培养基成分为ρ(原油)1 g.L-1、ρ(氮源)400 mg.L-1、ρ(磷源)100 mg.L-1、ρ(酵母浸出液)20 mg.L-1,最有效利用的氨基酸为天冬氨酸,最适环境条件为pH 7.5、盐度20、温度30℃。当ρ(原油)为20 g.L-1时,DH-9的生物量和原油降解率分别是DH-5的2.58倍和2.29倍。研究表明,DH-9对高浓度原油的耐受性明显强于DH-5,而DH-5对低温的适应性优于DH-9,2个菌株对高盐度的适应性均较强。     

The moderating effects of job control and selection,optimization, and compensation strategies on the age–work ability relationship

Work ability describes employees' capability to carry out their work with respect to physical and psychological job demands. This study investigated direct and interactive effects of age, job control, and the use of successful aging strategies called selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) in predicting work ability. We assessed SOC strategies and job control by using employee self‐reports, and we measured employees' work ability using supervisor ratings. Data collected from 173 health‐care employees showed that job control was positively associated with work ability. Additionally, we found a three‐way interaction effect of age, job control, and use of SOC strategies on work ability. Specifically, the negative relationship between age and work ability was weakest for employees with high job control and high use of SOC strategies. These results suggest that the use of successful aging strategies and enhanced control at work are conducive to maintaining the work ability of aging employees. We discuss theoretical and practical implications regarding the beneficial role of the use of SOC strategies utilized by older employees and enhanced contextual resources at work for aging employees. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation and Optimization of Handle Design Parameters of a Grass Trimming Machine

The grass trimming machine is a widely used agricultural machine for cutting grass by the roadside and in other areas in Malaysia. Hand-arm vibration (HAV) syndrome is very common among workers operating power tools and performing similar work for extended periods. Grass trimming involves the use of a motorized cutter spinning at high speed, resulting in high levels of HAV among its operators. The existing D-shape handle causes HAV-related stress and operational load in operators. This research proposes a new design of a handle of the grass trimming machine. When this new design was compared with the old one, it was found that the new handle resulted in 18% lower HAV. To find the lowest HAV, 3 critical parameters of the new handle (length, angle and material of the cap of the handle) were optimized using the Taguchi quality tool. Appropriately selected parameters of the new handle significantly reduced the occurrence of HAV among grass trimmers.     

基于个体脆弱性区域疏散最佳路径

针对危险化学品、生化制剂、放射性或核物质（ CBRN）事故情景,建立区域疏散路径优化模型。基于个体脆弱性模型,提出了适合求解模型算法,包括静态最优路径算法和动态最优路径算法。最后用随机路网测试算法的应用效果,结果表明,所提算法可以满足区域疏散路径双目标优化的需求,并能根据外部环境变化动态更新当前最优路径,是一种近似、快速的算法。区域疏散路径的确定可为CBRN事故救灾提供有力的技术支持。