序贯数论优化法和侧影图进行河流优化布点

运用序贯数论优化法(SNTO)对监测点进行分类,同时根据分类结果,基于样本之间的相似性和差异性,构造一Rousseuw定义的函数并做侧影图,以确定各属类的最佳代表点,从而遴选出优化了的点位.     

对进一步优化南通地区空气自动监测工作的研究和思考

以南通地区空气自动监测工作为例,从数据应用、人才保障、托管运维、监测因子、数据集成和控制等方面阐述了优化空气自动监测工作相应的对策,以便更好地为环境管理和决策提供有力的技术支持。     

滇池水环境质量综合评价指标优选

在研究2000—2014年滇池流域水污染排放的时空变化、水环境质量时空变化和生态环境时空演替基础上,结合滇池目前水环境质量监测工作要求,采用模型计算、指标特性分析、专家调查等方法,筛选出36个评价指标,分别表征滇池水环境质量的物理、化学、生物、营养、重金属、有机污染等特性,将滇池湖体4个监测点位优选出的评价指标监测数据输入水生态健康评价系统。结果表明,优选指标和评价体系能全面、准确、宏观地反映滇池水环境质量状况。将滇池评价指标由现有的94个压缩至36个,极大节省人力、物力,且更符合滇池水环境特点。     

参数完全不确定系统在未知输入下的损伤识别

由于各种因素的影响,实际结构系统与计算模型有着不小的差异。本文针对结构系统参数及基底输入完全未知情况下的损伤识别问题,构造了与质量无关的结构规格化刚度参数和阻尼参数,提出了关于结构规格化参数和层间质量比的非线性最小二乘迭代优化识别方法,并给出了用规格化参数进行识别损伤和地震动反演的公式。算例表明本方法是有效的。     

Site fidelity and patterns of short- and long-term movement in the brilliant-thighed poison frog <Emphasis Type="Italic">Allobates femoralis</Emphasis> (Aromobatidae)

We studied movement and site fidelity of males and females of the territorial frog Allobates femoralis (Aromobatidae) in a population in the Nature Reserve “Les Nouragues” in French Guiana, South America. Observations during 3 months in 2006 ascertained intra-seasonal site fidelity for males and females. Males actively defend large multi-purpose territories whereas females retreat to small resting sites from where they commute to neighbouring males for courtship and mating. Female short-term movement corroborates the previous assumption of a polygynous or promiscuous resource-defence mating system. Year-to-year recaptures from 2005 until 2008 revealed distinct patterns of inter-annual movement for males and regional site fidelity for females. Males abandon their territories and have to re-negotiate them when reproduction starts again at the end of the dry season. Females are not subject to intra- or inter-sexual territorial competition and as a result move significantly less between reproductive seasons than males. Male long-term movement reflects spatial structure and prevailing social interactions and is a reliable indicator for tadpole deposition sites. The combined effects of intra- and inter-seasonal movement promote the diversity of mates for both sexes.     

Mathematical equivalence of geometric mean fitness with probabilistic optimization under environmental uncertainty

Natural selection can be considered as optimising fitness. Because ‘mean’ fitness is maximized with respect to the genotypes of carriers, traditional theory can be viewed as a statistical theory of natural selection. Probabilistic optimisation is a way to incorporate such uncertainty into optimality analyses of natural selection, where environmental uncertainty is expressed as a probability distribution. Its canonical form is a weighted average of fitness with respect to a given probabilistic distribution. This concept should be applicable to three different levels of uncertainty: (1) behavioural variations of an individual, (2) individual variations within a generation, and (3) temporal change over generations (geometric mean fitness). The former two levels are straightforward with many empirical evidences, but the last category, the geometric mean fitness, has not well understood. Here we studied the geometric mean fitness by taking its logarithm, where the log growth rates become the fitness value. By further transforming the log growth rates, the fitness of log growth rates becomes its linear function. Therefore, a simple average of these distributions becomes the fitness measure across generations and consideration of variance discount or the entire probability distributions becomes unnecessary. We discuss some characteristic features of probabilistic optimization in general. Our view is considered a probabilistic view of natural selection, in contrast with the traditional statistical view of natural selection.     

两种主要泥石流排导槽的比较

通过大量的实例工程的考察,对两种主要泥石流排导槽－东川槽和V型槽的设计,投资及运行现状进行比较,分析总强出排种导槽各自的优缺点,以供以后设计时参考,优化设计,更有效防治泥石流,节约投资,保护生命财产安全。     

一级动力学反应方程参数估计中若干问题的讨论

在农药的环境行为研究中,常用一级动力学反应方程来模拟农药的降解或残留。本文论述了用线性回归分析法估计一级化学动力学方程参数时存在的初始浓度飘移和非本义最优化问题,讨论了与此相关联的试验设置、安全间隔期、分段模拟和试验数据处理等问题,提出了解决问题的初步设想。     

Conflict and Coordination Problem of Carbon Tax’ Diversity Targets in China-Based on the Tax Optimization Theory

Among all the emission reduction measures,carbon tax is recognized as the most effective way to protect our climate.That is why the Chinese government has recently taken it as a tax reform direction.In the current economic analysis,the design of carbon tax is mostly based on the target to maximize the efficiency.However,based on the theory of tax system optimization,we should also consider other policy objectives,such as equity,revenue and cost,and then balance different objectives to achieve the suboptimum reform of carbon tax system in China.     

Conflict and Coordination Problem of Carbon Tax＇ Diversity Targets in China-Based on the Tax Optimization Theory

Among all the emission reduction measures, carbon tax is recognized as the most effective way to protect our climate. That is why the Chinese government has recently taken it as a tax reform direction, In the current economic analysis, the design of carbon tax is mostly based on the target to maximize the efficiency However, based on the theory of tax system optimization, we should also consider other policy objectives, such as equity, revenue and cost, and then balance different objectives to achieve the suboptimum reform of carbon tax system in China.