Application of Tabu Search Algorithm With a Coupled AnnAGNPS‐CCHE1D Model to Optimize Agricultural Land Use1

Abstract: A principal contributor to soil erosion and nonpoint source pollution, agricultural activities have a major influence on the environmental quality of a watershed. Impact of agricultural activities on the quality of water resources can be minimized by implementing suitable agriculture land‐use types. Currently, land uses are designed (location, type, and operational schedule) based on field study results, and do not involve a science‐based approach to ensure their efficiency under particular regional, climatic, geological, and economical conditions. At present, there is a real need for new methodologies that can optimize the selection, design, and operation of agricultural land uses at the watershed scale by taking into account environmental, technical, and economical considerations, based on realistic simulations of watershed response. In this respect, the present study proposes a new approach, which integrates computational modeling of watershed processes, fluvial processes in the drainage network, and modern heuristic optimization techniques to design cost effective land‐use plans. The watershed model AnnAGNPS and the channel network model CCHE1D are linked together to simulate the sediment and pollutant transport processes. Based on the computational results, a multi‐objective function is set up to minimize soil losses, nutrient yields, and total associated costs, while the production profits from agriculture are maximized. The selected iterative optimization algorithm uses adaptive Tabu Search heuristic to flip (switching from one alternative to another) land‐change variables. USDA’s Goodwin Creek experimental watershed, located in Northern Mississippi, is used to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach. The results show that the optimized land‐use design with BMPs using an integrated approach at the watershed level can provide efficient and cost‐effective conservation of the environmental quality by taking into account both productivity and profitability.     

Determination of haloacetic acids concentrations in hospital effluent after chlorination by ion chromatography

The ion chromatography combined solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the analysis of low concentration haloacetic acids(HAAs),a calss of disinfection by-products formed as a result of chlorination of hospital wastewater. The monitored HAAs included monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. The method employed a sodium hydroxide eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, electrolytically generated gradients, and suppressed conductivity detection. To analyze the HAAs in real hospital wastewater samples, C18 pretreatment cartridge was utilized to reduce samples' turbidity. Preconcentration with SPE and matrix elimination with treatment cartridges were investigated and were found to be able to obtain acceptable detection limits. Linearity, repeatability and detection limits of the above method were evaluated. The detection limits of monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid were 2.61 μg/L and 1.30 μg/L respectively, and the other three are ranging from 0.48 to 0.82 μg/L under 25-fold preconcentration. When the above optimization procedure was applied to three hospital wastewater samples with different treatment processes in Tianjin, it was found that the dichloroacetic acid is the major compound, and the growth ratios of the HAAs after disinfection by sodium hypochlorite were 91.28%, 63.61% and 79.50%, respectively.     

江苏省能耗结构优化及其节能与减排效应分析

综合考虑江苏省经济增长、能源节约与C02、SO2减排的目标,运用改善的GADS优化算法对江苏省能耗结构进行优化,并对比江苏省低碳发展的情景,测算了江苏省能源消费结构优化的节能减排效应.研究结果表明:①能耗结构优化主要表现为高碳能源低度化,低碳能源离度化的演变过程.煤炭仍占主导地位,且呈倒"U",型的发展趋势,2020峰值1.822×108 tce,而天然气与低碳能源在总量与结构上均呈上升趋势;②能源结构优化具有正负双向效应,一方面节能减排效应显著,2020年将节能2.244×108tce,CO2:减排1.275×108t,但难以实现2020年减排目标,还需其它方面的努力.另一方面由干能源成本等因素造成GDP较之于低碳情景将减少2.096×1012元;③以"低"代"商"的能源优化策略是转移环境压力的主要途径,但其先决条件是煤炭资源的清洁高效利用与新能源核心技术的突破.未来江苏省能源消费结构的优化应以煤炭资源的清洁、高效利用为主,同时加快风能、太阳能、生物质能等新能源资源的产业化、规模化发展.     

塔机起重作业夜间照明工效的BIM辅助优化研究

为提升塔式起重机施工作业的夜间照明工效水平,采用数学模型和BIM技术相结合的方法,以灯源的光通量及入射角为光学驱动参数,模拟眩光值、照度及其均匀度等光学变量,建立照明工效的光度学BIM辅助优化模型,优化起重作业照明灯源光学参数。研究结果表明：对塔式起重机施工作业区照明灯源光学参数进行组合优化后,夜间起重作业面照度及其均匀度显著提升,眩光值满足起重作业视觉环境条件。研究结果可为塔式起重机夜间起重作业照明方案设计提供科学依据。     

民航安全信息管理人员能岗匹配测评研究

为了给大数据环境下的民航企事业单位招聘、选拔和评价安全信息管理人员提供科学依据,基于胜任力内涵、数据生命周期理论与信息处理层次结构理论,构建以数据科学知识等为支撑、民航安全数据挖掘能力等为核心、民航安全信息管理态度为导向的民航安全信息管理人员胜任力概念模型与胜任力指标体系。运用贝叶斯优化BPNN的超参数,构建民航安全信息管理人员能岗匹配测评模型,并从数值仿真、趋势拟合方面进行模型验证,从均方根误差与算法耗时方面与单一BPNN和随机搜索优化BPNN对比性能。研究结果表明：所构建的测评模型可行性强、误差更小、收敛速度更快,能够更加客观准确地反映安全信息管理人员能岗匹配的实际情况。     

引信步进应力加速试验贮存寿命预测研究

目的 针对某机电引信加速寿命试验数据,采用传统统计分析方法存在计算量大、寿命预测精度难以保证的问题,开展与智能算法相结合的引信贮存寿命预测研究。方法 针对步进应力加速寿命试验数据,采用贝叶斯理论的环境因子法,对各级应力下的贮存时间进行折合计算。利用进化策略对粒子群算法进行改进,进而对所建立的BP神经网络预测模型的全局参数进行调整和优化,突破传统方法的局限。将折合后的试验时间、样本量、应力水平作为网络输入,失效数作为输出,来预测引信贮存寿命。结果 利用训练好的 BP神经网络预测引信在正常应力水平下的失效数,计算其贮存可靠度。在迭代402次后,模型找到最优解,且预测误差在1%以内。结论 步进应力加速寿命试验与智能算法相结合的方法计算过程简单,预测精度较高,可有效提高引信贮存寿命的预测精度。     

碳中和视角下甘肃省县域碳收支时空分异与国土空间分区优化

在新时代全面践行“生命共同体”整体系统观背景下,将碳中和发展目标纳入国土空间规划建设中,优化符合甘肃实际省情的国土空间格局及提出相应发展策略,对于推动区域经济社会绿色低碳转型与高质量发展具有重要意义. 以甘肃省县域为例,基于碳中和研究视角,测算分析2010年、2015年和2021年全省87个县域土地利用碳收支量,运用GIS空间分析法、社会网络分析法等方法进一步探究其时空分异特征及碳排放空间关联网络整体特征. 最后结合主体功能区划进行低碳发展导向下的国土空间优化分区,提出差异化的低碳发展策略. 结果表明： ①碳排放量呈上升趋势但增幅相对较小,空间上呈现“中部和东部高,西南低”的分布态势,建设用地是主要的碳源. 碳吸收量在空间上呈现“南高北低,西高东低”的分布特征,林地是主要的碳汇. 净碳排量呈增加趋势,省内约58.62%的县域处于碳失衡状况. ②2021年县域碳排放空间网络关系紧密且规模较大,呈现“核心-边缘”形态,城关区和七里河区处于网络核心地位,在网络中接受较多关联关系. 陇中地区网络联系频繁,陇东南地区联系次之. ③以碳排放量、碳吸收量和生态承载系数为依据,以社会网络空间关联性结果为角色定位,将全省划分为4种碳中和分区. 同时,叠加分析主体功能区划,将全省县域重构为7个国土空间分区并对各分区提出差别化区域低碳优化发展策略.     

响应面法用于优化污水厂脱氮工艺的研究

在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法对新疆某联合式污水厂的脱氮单元进行优化,结果表明,对脱氮性能的影响由强到弱依次为碳氮比(C/N)、有机负荷(F/M)和内回流比(R).模型优化后的最佳工况条件C/N为7.45、R为52.61％、F/M为0.10 d-1,污水厂在该工况下进行验证试验,其NH3-N、T...     

大型霉菌试验箱的设计和优化选择

介绍了实现满足GJB 150,GJB 150A和RTCA/DO 160F等军民标准的大型霉菌试验设备的设计以及霉菌试验设备的主要组成,重点分析了目前霉菌实验设备几种加温加湿方法的优劣,提出了使用夹套加热和幕布加湿方法可以保证温湿度良好的均匀性和波动度;比较了测量相对湿度的两种方法,确定选用干湿球法测量相对湿度以及选用干湿球温度计测量相对湿度的注意事项。     

大气汞污染模拟研究进展及控制策略优化方法

简评了国内外大气汞污染模拟相关研究情况,指出目前我国大气汞排放模拟及污染控制研究工作非常缺乏,严重影响了我国汞污染控制策略制定以及"汞环境外交纠纷"的积极应对;并据此建议应该对我国大气汞污染模拟及控制策略优化进行系统研究,其研究内容包括:汞排放清单的建立、大气汞的长程输送、响应面模型软件(response surfac...