基于能值理论的工业生态系统分析——以龙盛科技工业园为例

基于能值理论．以龙盛科技工业园为例,对其能量流动和物质循环进行分析,通过能值分析的方法,将能量漉、物质流等转化为统一的能值单位,对工业生态系统的效率和稳定性进行了评价。结果表明,龙盛科技工业固由于注重物质循环利用和能量梯级利用,已经形成比较完善的产业链,生态效率和系统稳定性都相对较高。     

Chemical and olfactive impacts of organic matters on odor emission patterns from the simulated construction and demolition waste landfills

The explosive increase of construction and demolition waste (CDW) caused the insufficient source separation and emergency disposal at domestic waste landfills in many developing countries. Some organic fractions were introduced to the CDW landfill process and resulted in serious odor pollution. To comprehensively explore the impacts of organic matters on odor emission patterns, five CDW landfills (OIL), with organic matters/ inert CDW components (O/I) from 5% to 30%, and the control group only with inert components (IL) or organics (OL) were simulated at the laboratory. The chemical and olfactive characters of odors were evaluated using the emission rate of 94 odorants content (ER_total), theory odor concentration (TOC_total), and e-nose concentration (ER_ENC), and their correlations with waste properties were also analyzed. It was found that the main contributors to ER_total (IL: 93.0% NH₃; OIL: 41.6% sulfides, 31.0% NH₃, 25.9% oxygenated compounds) and TOC total (IL: 64.1% CH₃SH, 28.2% NH₃; OIL: 71.7% CH₃SH, 24.8% H₂S) changed significantly. With the rise of O/I, ER_total, TOC_total, and ER_ENC increased by 10.9, 20.6, and 2.1 times, respectively. And the organics content in CDW should be less than 10% (i.e., DOC<101.3 mg/L). The good regressions between waste properties (DOC, DN, pH) and ${\mathrm{ER}}_{\stackrel{?}{\mathrm{ENC}}}$ (r=0.86, 0.86, -0.88, p<0.05), ${\mathrm{TOC}}_{\stackrel{?}{\mathrm{total}}}$ (r=0.82, 0.79, -0.82, p<0.05) implied that the carbon sources and acidic substances relating to organics degradation might result in that increase. Besides, the correlation analysis results (${\mathrm{ER}}_{\stackrel{?}{\mathrm{ENC}}}$ vs. ${\mathrm{TOC}}_{\stackrel{?}{\mathrm{total}}}$, r=0.96, p<0.01; vs. ${\mathrm{ER}}_{\stackrel{?}{\mathrm{total}}}$, r=0.86, p<0.05) indicated that e-nose perhaps was a reliable odor continuous monitoring tool for CDW landfills.     

可持续发展评估的新方法：“甜甜圈”理论的中国案例分析

“甜甜圈”理论是行星边界可持续发展评估体系中不可或缺的一部分。在原有的15个社会经济系统评估维度的基础上,针对不同研究样本概括了每个维度对应的具体指标,并总结了指标阈值设定的方法,包括惯例的延续、经验的借鉴以及典型样本的参考等。在此基础上,利用统计年鉴和中国综合社会调查（CGSS）数据,创新性地将“十二五”规划文件中相关指标的预期值设定为阈值,揭示了中国在收入水平和工作机会方面已达到最优状态,贫困问题得到了一定程度的解决,但水资源和能耗方面表现不佳;中国南部地区“自西向东”可持续发展程度越来越高,中国北部则是“自北往南”。社会经济系统需要在内容的丰富、理论的深化和阈值的客观设定等方面进一步完善。