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311.
Haoshu Wang Yong Qin Liqing Xin Changxun Zhao Zhuang Ma Jian Hu Weixiang Wu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(4):47
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The article examines whether agricultural training boosted technology adoption and productivity was a key issue that was concerned by policymakers and researchers. Thus, impacts of fertilizer application training programs on the adoption of formula fertilization techniques and agricultural productivity were analyzed by using the survey data of 691 apple growers. The results indicated that: (i) compared with farmers who did not participate in fertilizer application training programs, the probability of the adoption of formula fertilization techniques was significantly increased by 256.1% for farmers who participated in fertilizer application training programs; (ii) fertilizer application training programs boosted the adoption of formula fertilization techniques via influencing farmers' cognition and willingness; (iii) yield was significantly increased by 14.3% at the 5% level through participating in fertilizer application training programs, and fertilizer application training programs improved agricultural productivity by means of enhancing the adoption of formula fertilization techniques. This study was conducive to evaluating the effectiveness of agricultural training and boosting agricultural sustainable development. 相似文献
315.
为探究控释掺混肥一次性施肥对华北平原麦玉(冬小麦和夏玉米)轮作体系作物产量和温室气体排放的影响,于2020~2022年在德州市现代农业科技园区开展田间试验.冬小麦和夏玉米均设不施氮对照(CK)、农户习惯施氮(FFP)、优化施氮(OPT)、CRU1(包膜尿素与普通尿素在冬小麦和夏玉米上的掺混比例分别为5∶5和3∶7)、CRU2(包膜尿素与普通尿素在冬小麦和夏玉米上的掺混比例分别为7∶3和5∶5)共5个处理.对比分析了不同处理的作物产量、氮肥利用效率、施肥经济效益和温室气体排放的差异.结果表明,施氮可显著提高麦玉轮作系统单季和周年作物产量(P<0.05).与FFP相比,CRU1和CRU2处理的夏玉米、冬小麦和周年产量分别提高了0.4%~5.6%、-5.4%~4.1%和-1.1%~3.9%(P>0.05);氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力分别提高了-8.6%~43.4%、2.05~6.24 kg·kg-1和4.24~10.13 kg·kg-1;周年净收益提高了0.2%~6.3%.施氮显著增加了麦玉轮作体系的土壤N2O和CO2的周年排放(P<0.05),但对CH4周年排放没有影响(第1年FFP处理除外).CRU1和CRU2处理的土壤N2O周年排放总量较FFP处理显著降低了23.4%~30.2%(P<0.05).施氮显著增加了麦玉轮作体系的周年全球增温潜势(GWP)(P<0.05),但各施氮处理通过提高作物产量降低了温室气体排放强度.与FFP相比,CRU1和CRU2处理的周年GWP降低了9.6%~11.5%(P<0.05),周年温室气体排放强度(GHGI)降低了11.2%~13.8%(P>0.05).综上所述,一次性减量施用控释掺混肥在减少氮肥和人工投入、提高作物产量、经济效益和降低温室气体排放方面具有积极作用,是促进华北平原粮食作物清洁生产的有效氮肥管理措施. 相似文献
316.
研究不同改良物料对盐碱土壤理化性质和真菌群落结构的影响,可为合理改良盐碱土壤提供理论依据.以内蒙河套平原中度盐碱土壤为试验地,采用高通量测序技术,探讨了空白对照(CK)、脱硫石膏(T1)、土壤改良剂(T2)、有机肥(T3)和脱硫石膏复配土壤改良剂与有机肥(T4)等5个处理对土壤理化性质和真菌群落多样性、组成和结构的影响.结果表明,与CK相比,改良处理显著提高了速效磷、速效钾、有机质和碱解氮含量,同时T4处理显著降低了土壤pH;改良处理增加了真菌多样性,但降低了真菌丰富度;改良后的土壤优势真菌门为子囊菌门、担子菌门和被孢霉门,优势菌属为被孢霉属、Conocybe、Botryotrichum、镰刀菌属和假单胞菌属.改良处理增加了子囊菌门、担子菌门、镰刀菌属和假单胞菌属的相对丰度,但降低了被孢霉门、壶菌门和被孢霉属的相对丰度;LEfSe分析表明,改良处理改变了真菌群落的生物标志物;相关性分析表明,pH和速效钾是影响真菌群落结构的主要环境因子.研究结果可为改良内蒙河套平原盐碱土壤,提高土壤养分提供科学依据. 相似文献
317.
People are exposed to ionizing radiation from the radionuclides that are present in different types of natural sources, of
which phosphate fertilizer is one of the most important sources. Radionuclides in phosphate fertilizer belonging to 232Th and 238U series as well as radioisotope of potassium (40K) are the major contributors of outdoor terrestrial natural radiation. The study of alpha activity in fertilizers, which
is the first ever in West Bengal, has been performed in order to determine the effect of the use of phosphate fertilizers
on human health. The data have been compared with the alpha activity of different types of chemical fertilizers. The measurement
of alpha activity in surface soil samples collected from the cultivated land was also performed. The sampling sites were randomly
selected in the cultivated land in the Midnapore district, which is the largest district in West Bengal. The phosphate fertilizer
is widely used for large agricultural production, mainly potatoes. The alpha activities have been measured using solid-state
nuclear track detectors (SSNTD), a very sensitive detector for alpha particles. The results show that alpha activity of those
fertilizer and soil samples varies from 141 Bq/kg to 2,589 Bq/kg and from 109 Bq/kg to 660 Bq/kg, respectively. These results
were used to estimate environmental radiation exposure on human health contributed by the direct application of fertilizers. 相似文献
318.
Interaction between cadmium,lead and potassium fertilizer (K<Subscript>2</Subscript>SO<Subscript>4</Subscript>) in a soil-plant system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A pot experiment was conducted to examine the influence of potassium (K) fertilizer (K2SO4) application on the phytoavailability and speciation distribution of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soil. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was selected as the test plant. There were seven treatments including single and combined contamination of Cd and Pb.
CdCl2·2.5 H2O and Pb(NO3)2 were added to the soil at the following dosages: Cd + Pb = 0.00 + 0.00, 5.00 + 0.00, 25.0 + 0.00, 0.00 + 500, 0.00 + 1000,
5.00 + 500 and 25.0 + 1000 mg kg−1, denoted by CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. The K fertilizer had five levels: 0.00, 50.0, 100, 200 and 400 mg
K2O kg−1 soil, denoted by K0, K1, K2, K3 and K4, respectively. The results showed that the K fertilizer promoted the dry weight (DW)
of wheat in all treatments and alleviated the contamination by Cd and Pb. The application of K2SO4 reduced the uptake of Cd in different parts including roots, haulms and grains of wheat; the optimum dosage was the K2 level.
K supply resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the soluble plus exchangeable (SE) fraction of Cd and there was a negative correlation (not significant,
P > 0.05) between the levels of K and the SE fraction of Cd in soil. The application of the K fertilizer could obviously restrain
the uptake of Pb by wheat and there were significant (P < 0.05) negative correlations between the concentrations of Pb in grains and the levels of K in soil. K supply resulted in
a decrease in the SE fraction of Pb (except the K1 level) from the K0 to K4 levels. At the same time, the application of the
K fertilizer induced a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the weakly specifically adsorbed (WSA) fraction of Pb and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the bound to Fe–Mn oxides (OX) fraction of Pb. At different K levels, the concentration of Pb in the
roots, haulms and grains had a positive correlation with the SE (not significant, P > 0.05) and WSA (significant, P < 0.05) fractions of Pb in the soil. All the K application levels in this experiment reduced the phytoavailability of Cd
and Pb. Thus, it is feasible to apply K fertilizer (K2SO4) to alleviate contamination by Cd and/or Pb in soil. Moreover, the level of K application should be considered to obtain
an optimal effect with the minimum dosage. 相似文献
319.
糖蜜酒精废液资源化——制标准颗粒复混肥 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍了糖蜜酒精废液资源化———制标准颗粒复混肥的意义、工艺流程及设备的选择;并对其进行投资及经济分析。 相似文献
320.
硅肥对农田镉轻度污染水稻修复效果的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨硅肥对农田土壤Cd污染的修复效果,在田间试验条件下,研究了不同硅肥处理对Cd轻度污染农田水稻的修复效果。结果表明:不同硅肥处理可以降低Cd轻度污染农田中水稻糙米Cd含量,降幅为2.02%~16.00%,提高土壤pH值0.36~0.45,降低土壤有效态Cd含量,降幅为34.88%~45.47%,水稻产量增加3.63%~6.23%,基施与叶面喷施联合施用硅肥对农田土壤Cd污染的修复效果最好。 相似文献