系统科学视角下的城市污水可持续管理研究

立足于城市污水可持续管理思想,利用系统科学方法,理清、分析对城市污水可持续管理的影响因素。以南京市为例,给出了不同政策组合下的城市污水管理的动态结果,并对结果进行了讨论。结果表明,要实现城市污水管理的可持续发展,必须在源头上通过政策设计（如收费）促进污水排放者参加到城市污水管理系统中,注重提高资源化和无害化能力的同时,要加强源头减量的力度。     

污水处理厂污泥处理系统改造

沈阳市北部污水处理厂在运行中发现 ,原污泥处理系统存在若干设计缺陷制约污泥处理工艺正常进行 ,经过调查研究、论证 ,决定对脱水机房皮带机、脱水机空气服务系统、浓缩池等三项制约污泥处理工艺正常进行的设备、设施进行改造。     

无机盐对城市污泥堆肥处理中重金属Pb和Zn的形态影响研究

以沈北新区虎台镇污水处理厂剩余活性污泥作为研究对象,采用Tessier顺序浸提法浸提污泥中的重金属Pb和Zn,对其在堆肥过程中不同形态的变化规律以及无机盐对重金属稳定态的影响进行研究。结果表明:污泥中重金属Pb和Zn的含量均符合国家相关控制标准(GB 18918-2002和CJ248-2007);堆肥处理明显改变了污泥中重金属的形态分布,Pb与Zn的可交换态分别降低了31.15%和14.14%,残渣态分别增加12.79%和16.35%,显著地降低了重金属的生物有效性;分别向污泥中加入不同无机盐后堆肥,其重金属含量均有向稳定态转变的趋势。其中,加入碳酸铵的样品转变率最高,Pb与Zn的稳定态含量最高可达83.95%与81.13%。     

镍、铬对活性污泥真实产率的影响

采用两个直流完全混合式反应器,研究了Ni(Ⅱ) 、Cr(Ⅵ) 对好氧活性污泥真实产率系数(YH)、COD去除率、MLSS和污泥呼吸作用的影响.结果表明,当Ni(Ⅱ) 、Cr(Ⅵ) 为3 mg/L时,YH(MMLSS/MCOD)从无重金属的0.388分别升高到Ni(Ⅱ) 的0.427和Cr(Ⅵ) 的0.408;COD的去除率不受影响,MLSS增加了7.5%;污泥呼吸作用增强了5%.随着Ni(Ⅱ) 、Cr(Ⅵ) 浓度的进一步增加,YH、COD去除率、MLSS和呼吸作用都迅速下降.当Ni(Ⅱ) 、Cr(Ⅵ) 为15 mg/L时,YH(MMLSS/MCOD)分别为0.289和0.218;而Ni(Ⅱ) 、Cr(Ⅵ) 为25 mg/L时,对污泥呼吸的抑制作用分别达43%和60%.总体来看,Cr(Ⅵ) 比Ni(Ⅱ) 对系统的毒性更大.     

活性污泥法模型的发展

详细阐述了国际水质协会（IAWQ）推出的活性污泥1号模型（ASM1）、2号模型（ASM2）、3号模型（ASM3）的组分、特点和缺陷，论述了活性污泥模型在废水处理中的重要作用，指出活性污泥模型研究、应用中的障碍。     

Mass balance of anionic surfactants through up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket based sewage treatment plants

The outcome of a 21-month monitoring study on anionic surfactants (AS) at five (27–70 ML/d) up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) based sewage treatment plants (STPs) is described. The average removals of AS were around 8–30%. Appreciable concentrations of AS were being discharged to the watercourse (average 4.30 mg/L; range 3.60–4.91 mg/L). On an average dried sludge contained 1452 mg AS/kg dry weight. Mass balance at three STPs indicated that, AS load of the order of 5–17% and ≈12% is removed by adsorption in UASB reactors and polishing ponds (PP) respectively. Biodegradation of AS under anaerobic conditions in UASB reactors and PP does not seem to take place. In the sludge stream, appreciable biodegradation (≈46%) of adsorbed AS under aerobic conditions on the sludge drying beds takes place. If influent AS mass flux is normalized to 100 units, than average of ≈74 and ≈7 units are discharged with treated effluent and dried sludge respectively, while 12 and 6 units are adsorbed/settled in PP and aerobically biodegrade on sludge drying beds respectively. At two STPs (34 and 56 ML/d), the filterable fluxes in UASBR increased so that the mass balance could not be computed.     

ESTROM—a Romanian–Swiss research programme

Background, aim, and scope  Composting is an effective treatment process to realize sludge land application. However, nitrogen loss could result in the reduction of nutrient value of the compost products and the stabilization effect of composting on heavy metal concentration and mobility in sludge has been shown to be very limited. Materials and methods  Laboratory-scale experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of bamboo charcoal (BC) on nitrogen conservation and mobility of Cu and Zn during sludge composting. Results  The result indicated that the incorporation of BC into the sludge composting material could significantly reduce nitrogen loss. With 9% BC amendment, total nitrogen loss at the end of composting decreased 64.1% compared with no BC amendment (control treatment). Mobility of Cu and Zn in the sludge may also have been lessened, based on the decline in diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-extractable Cu and Zn contents of composted sludge by 44.4% and 19.3%, respectively, compared to metal extractability in the original material. Discussion  Ammonia adsorption capability of BC might be the main reason for the retention of nitrogen in sludge composting materials. Decrease of extractable Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in the composting material mainly resulted from the adsorption of both metals by BC. Conclusions  Incorporation of BC into composting material could significantly lessen the total nitrogen loss during sludge composting. Mobility of heavy metals in the sludge composting material could also be reduced by the addition of BC. Recommendations and perspectives  Bamboo charcoal could be an effective amendment for nitrogen conservation and heavy metal stabilization in sludge composts. Further research into the effect of BC-amended sludge compost material on soil properties, bioavailability of heavy metals, and nutrient turnover in soil needs to be carried out prior to the application of BC-sludge compost in agriculture.     

城市污水处理项目环境影响评价的若干问题探讨

探讨了城市污水处理项目环评中的污水处理规划、污水处理工艺、污泥处理和最终处置方案的分析和论证问题.指出:环境影响评价要从城市环境规划目标出发.对污水处理规模能否满足污染物总量控制的要求进行必要的分析:污水处理厂选址要符合城市总体规划的要求,并满足水源保护要求及受纳水体水污染控制要求;污水处理厂的建设必须将污泥的最终处置纳入同步考虑的范围;在进行污水回用工程评价时,需分析回用水的利用途径、可行性和因此产生的环境问题.     

絮凝剂对含油污泥过滤性能的影响

本研究主要考察了絮凝剂对含油污泥的过滤性能的影响,以及影响污泥絮凝过滤的各种因素,并通过实验确定了污泥的最佳絮凝的运行条件。     

蚯蚓与土地处理方法相结合处理污水处理厂活性污泥的研究

概述了污水处理的伴生产物污泥的处理现状,提出了使用蚯蚓与土地处理结合的方法处理活性污泥,并对蚯蚓处理污泥中有机物及重金属等物质的能力进行了综合评价。简要说明了使用蚯蚓处理活性污泥的应用前景,并提出了在其应用过程中存在的问题。