城市污泥中水溶态镉的研究

将城市污泥区分为水溶态、胶体、生物絮凝态和颗粒态四种组分。用方波阳极溶出伏安法对其中具有直接毒性和生物有效性的水溶态Cd进行了分析,结果表明:水溶态Cd的含量为0.21mg/kg,其中电化学活性态含量较多占52.7%,可交换态含量较少占14.9%;两种形态Cd的含量随浸提时间和温度的变化基本一致并且呈一定的规律性。利用方波阳极溶出伏安法测定城市污泥中水溶态痕量金属有很高的灵敏度,检测限可低至10-10mol/L,并且在一定程度上能获得与金属毒性的一致性。     

Experimental continuous sludge microwave system to enhance dehydration ability and hydrogen production from anaerobic digestion of sludge

Dehydrating large amounts of sludge produced by sewage treatment plants is difficult.Microwave pretreatment can effectively and significantly improve the dewaterability and hydrogen production of sludge subjected to anaerobic digestion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different microwave conditions on hydrogen production from anaerobic digestion and dewaterability of sludge. Based on an analysis of the electric field distribution, a spiral reactor was designed and a continuous microwave system was built to conduct intermittent and continuous experiments under different conditions. Settling Volume, Capillary Suction Time, particle size, and moisture content of the sludge were measured. The results show that sludge pretreatment in continuous experiments has equally remarkable dehydration performance as in intermittent experiments; the minimum moisture content was 77.29% in the intermittent experiment under a microwave power of 300 W and an exposure time of 60 sec, and that in the continuous experiment was 77.56% under a microwave power of 400 W and an exposure time of 60 sec.The peak measured by Differential Scanning Calorimeter appeared earliest under a microwave power of 600 W and an exposure time of 180 sec. The heat flux at the peak was 4.343 W/g, which is relatively small. This indicates that microwave pretreatment induced desirable effects. The maximum yield of hydrogen production was 7.967% under the conditions of microwave power of 500 W, exposure time of 120 sec, and water bath at 55°C. This research provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of a continuous microwave sludge-conditioning system.     

辐射技术强化污泥沉降与脱水特性的实验研究

主要研究辐射技术对污泥沉降与脱水特性的影响,实验采用某污水处理厂的样品经过微波、超声辐射改性后,对毛细吸水时间(CST)、粘度、污泥沉降比(SV)、含水率、上清液的COD浓度、Zeta电位、形态学特征的变化情况进行了研究。实验结果表明,微波辐射后污泥颗粒的平均粒度由33.551μm降低到28.979μm,分形维数在2.8左右,图像显微分析表明微波调质后污泥有粗大化现象;超声辐射后污泥的粒度由33.551μm降低到9.435μm,分形维数在2.9左右,超声调质后污泥颗粒较小;利用Origin8.0软件对污泥脱水特性与污泥含水率进行分析,建立了污泥脱水特性的模型有助于在线预测污泥含水率。     

ASM3在城市污水处理厂工艺调整中的应用

现今城市污水处理厂氨氮处理能力不强,工艺改进实验需要大量资金投入,为了解决这一问题．结合国际水质协会（IWA）开发推荐的活性污泥模型（ASM3）数学模型来寻找一个最佳的解决方案,以便对污水处理厂工艺优化分析及模拟优化改造。     

蚯蚓与土地处理方法相结合处理污水处理厂活性污泥的研究

概述了污水处理的伴生产物污泥的处理现状,提出了使用蚯蚓与土地处理结合的方法处理活性污泥,并对蚯蚓处理污泥中有机物及重金属等物质的能力进行了综合评价。简要说明了使用蚯蚓处理活性污泥的应用前景,并提出了在其应用过程中存在的问题。     

城市污水处理项目环境影响评价的若干问题探讨

探讨了城市污水处理项目环评中的污水处理规划、污水处理工艺、污泥处理和最终处置方案的分析和论证问题.指出:环境影响评价要从城市环境规划目标出发.对污水处理规模能否满足污染物总量控制的要求进行必要的分析:污水处理厂选址要符合城市总体规划的要求,并满足水源保护要求及受纳水体水污染控制要求;污水处理厂的建设必须将污泥的最终处置纳入同步考虑的范围;在进行污水回用工程评价时,需分析回用水的利用途径、可行性和因此产生的环境问题.     

Toxiwasp∗

TOXIWASP combines most of the kinetic structure of EXAMS 2 with the transport capabilities of WASP (Water Analysis Simulation Program). TOXIWASP uses variable chemical degradation rates from chemical properties and the environmental conditions of the aquatic ecosystem. These rates are reduced from pseudo first‐order rates to first‐order rates including the processes hydrolysis, biotransfor‐mation, phototransformation, oxidation, and volatilisation. Assuming ultimate local equilibrium, and using a chemical dependent partition coefficient as well as spatially varying environmental carbon fractions, sorption onto sediments and biomass is calculated. Environmental alternations could be specified in any time scale by providing monitoring data.

TOXIWASP generates total sediment and chemical concentrations every time step in every segment, including surface water, subsurface water, surface bed and subsurface bed. Advection, dispersion, mass loading, sedimentation, and scour affect sediment concentration in the water column and in the bed sediment concentrations depend on burial and erosion. In addition chemical concentrations are influenced by degradation, sediment‐water dispersion, and percolation. Lateral transport of chemical within the bed is neglected and transport data are not calculated in the program. TOXIWASP is developed to model stratified lakes, reservoirs, large rivers, estuaries, and coastal waters. As for EXAMS 2 (Burns et al.²) the TOXIWASP user has to accept the model's inability to connect the water body to a chemically contaminated atmosphere.     

对TSGZF001—2006《安全阀安全技术监察规程》的修订建议

从出厂检验、校验设备、整定压力的判定、校验介质、校验程序和校验周期等方面对TSGZF001—2006《安全阀安全技术监察规程》中的相关内容进行了分析,并提出了修订建议。     

Porous structure of activated carbon prepared from waste newspaper

In an earlier report, we presented a method for preparing activated carbon from waste newspaper as a way to recycle used paper for a purpose other than producing raw material for paper-making. In this article, we consider the porous structure of the activated carbon that affects its adsorption properties for various substances. The specific surface area of activated carbon prepared from waste newspaper was 838 m²/g, the micropore volume was 0.368 ml/g, and the mesopore volume was 0.138 ml/g, which is about the same as commercially available activated carbon. The activated carbon prepared from waste newspaper usually has a high content of ash, which makes little contribution to the adsorption properties. In particular, as compared with reagent-activated carbon, the quantities of mesopores with a pore radius of 3–25 nm and macropores with a pore radius of 25–250 nm were 8 and 14 times larger, respectively. Activated carbon prepared from waste newspaper has a well-developed porous structure, particularly in the mesopore and macropore ranges. Received: July 12, 1999 / Accepted: March 8, 2000     

膜生物反应器的技术研究

综合论述了膜生物反应器的设计方法,包括确定最佳水力停留时间、污泥停留时间、污泥浓度,经济性分析.