Prenatal detection of rubella-specific IgM in fetal sera

Serum specimens were obtained by fetoscopy at 19–25 weeks' gestation from four fetuses whose mothers had had confirmed rubella earlier in pregnancy. They were tested for rubellaspecific IgM by antibody capture radioimmunoassay. No specific IgM was detected in one fetus and a healthy infant was delivered at term. Specific IgM was detected in the other three fetuses. In one case the level was low (1 unit) and this pregnancy went to term resulting in a neonate with clinical and laboratory evidence of congenital rubella infection. The remaining two fetuses had 2.8 and 2.4 units of specific IgM and the pregnancies were terminated. Blood obtained from these two fetuses after abortion showed levels of 5.4 and 2.9 units respectively. No specific IgM was detected in sera from eleven other fetuses aborted because of maternal rubella but five of these cases were terminated before 19 weeks and in five the interval between rash and abortion was three weeks or less. The results show that the human fetus can produce detectable specific IgM antibody by 19–20 weeks' gestation after exposure to rubella sevella several weeks earlier. However, a larger study is required to define the reliablity of fetoscopic blood sampling for the diagnosis of intrauterine infection.     

MBBR泥膜复合系统泥膜竞争关系的影响因素

为探究MBBR泥膜复合硝化系统内泥膜竞争关系，通过小试试验研究了水处理过程中常规因素（污泥浓度、DO、温度、C/N）对MBBR泥膜复合系统硝化效果的影响，分析了系统内污泥容积负荷和移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR，Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor）生物膜容积负荷变化趋势，进而得出泥膜竞争规律.结果表明，MBBR泥膜复合系统容积负荷均大于单一污泥或MBBR生物膜系统的容积负荷.在一定范围内，污泥浓度、DO、温度与MBBR泥膜复合系统容积负荷呈现正相关，且系统内活性污泥在与MBBR生物膜在竞争DO和基质时优势明显，而MBBR生物膜则具有更强的耐低温能力.进水C/N与MBBR泥膜复合系统硝化负荷呈负相关，且活性污泥在应对进水C/N过高时较MBBR生物膜更具优势，MBBR的“镶嵌”则强化了系统SND效果.微生物群落变化显示MBBR泥膜复合系统内的硝化细菌优势菌属为Nitrospira，且悬浮载体生物膜对其富集能力明显高于活性污泥.     

氮肥对污泥农用后土壤中重金属活性的影响

讨论了土壤中重金属活性的主要影响因素及氮肥对污泥农用后土壤中重金属的吸附—解吸、根际土壤重金属化学行为及植物吸收的影响,提出了农业生产过程中缓减和降低氮肥对土壤中重金属活性影响的措施:按规定合理施用污泥或活性污肥,提倡科学合理施用氮肥,因地制宜选择氮肥,结合改良剂施肥。     

污泥堆肥中二恶英类物质的探讨

污泥堆肥是污泥资源化的一种较好的方式，但其中如含有二恶英将对人体和环境产生危害。污泥的堆肥处理过程对二恶英减少没有作用。因此，应对污水来源进行筛选，选用二恶英类物质低于土壤风险含量1000Pg-TEQ／g的污水污泥进行堆肥处理和利用。     

大型油罐底泥自动清理及资源化处理

分析了型油罐底泥清理及资源化处理系统建设的重要性，介绍国内外常见的油罐自动清理及底泥资源化处理方法和工艺，以及作者所在试验组在这一领域尝试国产化设备开展油罐底泥分离回收污油，达到危险废物减量化和资源化目的的研究的初步成果和体会。     

污水处理厂污泥的综合利用

利用普通工业锅炉将消化污泥泥饼与煤制成混合燃料进行焚烧处理 ,提供了混合燃料组份分析及实际运行试验情况 ,得出了切实合理可行的泥煤最佳配比 ,并就产生的社会经济效益和环境效益进行了评估。     

双氰胺—甲醛絮凝剂对活性污泥的脱水性能研究

研究了有机合成阳离子高分子絮凝剂双氰胺－甲醛絮凝剂在污泥处理中的应用。从絮凝反的理论及其机理上分析了它的絮凝作用，从原理上解释并经实验证明了它在污泥脱水处理中所具有的优越性。     

Effect of cropping systems on the mobility and uptake of Cd and Zn

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different land use systems such as continuous grass and agricultural crops rotation on the bioavailability of heavy metals in soils contaminated by former excessive sewage sludge application. The results show that Cd and Zn concentrations increased to 2 and 3.5 folds within 3 cuts of grass, respectively. Even 10 years after the end of excessive sewage sludge application the concentration of Cd in winter and summer wheat is 3.4 and 2.5 folds higher than the control, respectively. Zn concentration increased by two folds for both crops. In conclusion, the uptake depends on plant species and the degree of soil contamination. The availability of heavy metals was not changed with time.     

活性污泥PVA膜状固定及净化污水效率

PVA膜状固定细胞是一种新细胞固定化方法。在加入少量藻酸钙盐的条件下 ,用硼酸交联聚乙烯醇 ( PVA) ,活性污泥培养物渗于其内 ,将其涂于载体上被固定成膜。细胞经固定后仍保持活力 ,PVA—藻酸钙盐珠非常结实耐用。     

含油污泥脱水性能试验

通过添加絮凝剂处理含油污泥 ,研究了影响含油污泥脱水性能的主要因素 ,试验结果表明 ,用 PAC和 CPAM絮凝剂处理含油污泥 ,可将污泥比阻从处理前的 8.9× 10 1 4 m/kg降至 1.0 9× 10 1 2 m/kg和 0 .11× 10 1 2 m /kg,助滤剂 Ca O与絮凝剂复配使用可进一步降低污泥比阻。污泥比阻随着污泥含油量的减少而减少。