Environmental effects and risk control of antibiotic resistance genes in the organic solid waste aerobic composting system: A review

• ARGs were detected in livestock manure, sludge, food waste and fermentation dregs. • The succession of microbial community is an important factor affecting ARGs. • Horizontal transfer mechanism of ARGs during composting should be further studied. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been diffusely detected in several kinds of organic solid waste, such as livestock manure, sludge, antibiotic fermentation residues, and food waste, thus attracting great attention. Aerobic composting, which is an effective, harmless treatment method for organic solid waste to promote recycling, has been identified to also aid in ARG reduction. However, the effect of composting in removing ARGs from organic solid waste has recently become controversial. Thus, this article summarizes and reviews the research on ARGs in relation to composting in the past 5 years. ARGs in organic solid waste could spread in different environmental media, including soil and the atmosphere, which could widen environmental risks. However, the conventional composting technology had limited effect on ARGs removal from organic solid waste. Improved composting processes, such as hyperthermophilic temperature composting, could effectively remove ARGs, and the HGT of ARGs and the microbial communities are identified as vital influencing factors. Currently, during the composting process, ARGs were mainly affected by three response pathways, (I) “Microenvironment-ARGs”; (II) “Microenvironment-microorganisms-ARGs”; (III) “Microorganisms-horizontal gene transfer-ARGs”, respectively. Response pathway II had been studied the most which was believed that microbial community was an important factor affecting ARGs. In response pathway III, mainly believed that MGEs played an important role and paid less attention to eARGs. Further research on the role and impact of eARGs in ARGs may be considered in the future. It aims to provide support for further research on environmental risk control of ARGs in organic solid waste.     

全耦合活性污泥模型(FCASM3)Ⅱ:模型校验

以采用AAO污水处理工艺的德清县狮山污水处理厂作为全耦合活性污泥模型(FCASM3)校验的现场试验基地,分别进行了常规水质指标测定和进水水质特征分析等试验研究,依据现场试验结果,完成了对活性污泥系统生物去除营养物质细观机理模型FCASM3的校验工作,动态校验结果表明,FCASM3模型可以对AAO连续流工艺系统实现较准确的细观模拟,营养物质生物去除过程的动态数值模拟结果与实测结果相一致.     

以呼吸速率为基础判断活性污泥抑制类型的研究

通过对活性污泥工艺中微生物抑制动力学的理论分析,把好氧微生物呼吸速率动力学引入与抑制动力学的研究中。在对不同抑制类型的呼吸速率动力学分析的基础上,比较基质降解的动力学公式和呼吸速率的动力学公式的差异,确定了判别竞争性抑制和非竞争性抑制的方法,就是通过测量投加抑制物和不投加抑制物的情况下最大呼吸速率的变化情况,当不投加抑制物和投加抑制物最大呼吸速率的比值超过1.2~1.5时,可以认为该抑制为非竞争性抑制。本文对该方法进行了试验研究。     

藻类对污泥脱水性能的研究

选取了淡水藻水绵与啤酒厂污泥进行厌氧发酵,设计了测定污泥干燥性能、沉降性能、过滤性能等装置,观察并记录了其对污泥的絮凝效果。结果表明,水绵在厌氧发酵条件下能分泌出含有絮凝性的物质EOM（胞内多聚物）,有助于污泥更好的脱水。     

地表水特定项目优化检测技术研究

对地表水中特定项目指标的检测技术进行了优化研究,根据检测目标化合物的结构性质和色谱分析手段的兼容性,对前处理方法和分析手段进行了优化整合,提出了特定项目的解决方案,提高了工作效率,对切实保障饮用水源安全有实际意义.     

高浓度焦化废水处理工艺的研究

对焦化废水的微生物处理工艺进行改进,采取提高污泥浓度,增加曝气量,增加凝聚工艺等强化处理措施,提高了对高浓度焦化废水的处理效率,使废水达到国家排放标准。     

宁波市城市污水处理厂污泥处置方案探讨

随着城市污水处理率提高导致的污水污泥产量的增长趋势也使得污水污泥的处理问题更为突出。在总结国内外城市污泥处置技术发展趋势的基础上,结合宁波市的实际情况,根据无害化、减量化和资源化的原则,提出城市污泥近远期处置方案,并对处置方案作出可行性分析。     

电子受体类型对聚磷污泥胞外聚合物的影响研究

采用3种电子受体(硝氮、亚硝氮、氧),在SBR反应器中分别驯化了具有稳定除磷能力的聚磷污泥。对比研究了不同聚磷污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的组分与含量,结合三维荧光光谱对EPS中有机物质进行分析。研究表明,以硝氮、亚硝氮为电子受体的聚磷污泥EPS平均浓度较为接近,分别为115.6mg/gVSS、133.5 mg/gVSS,由厌氧段至缺氧段,EPS总浓度有所下降。以氧为电子受体聚磷污泥的EPS平均浓度相对较高,为194.5 mg/gVSS,由厌氧段至好氧段,EPS总浓度略有升高。不同聚磷污泥的EPS组分均以胞外蛋白为主,占EPS总量的53%~65%,多糖与核酸占EPS总量28%~34%、5%~7%。三维荧光光谱显示3种聚磷污泥EPS均具有芳香结构蛋白质、可溶性代谢物的荧光峰,另外,以硝氮为电子受体的聚磷污泥还具有明显的腐殖酸类物质的荧光峰。研究结果表明电子受体对聚磷污泥EPS的组分、浓度、有机质类别有一定的影响。     

重庆市城市污水厂污泥的处理与处置

分析了目前重庆市城市污水厂污泥的处理与处置现状 ,对今后重庆市城市污水厂污泥的管理进行了探讨 ,提出了几个应注意的问题。     

上流式多级处理厌氧反应器（UMAR）处理棉浆黑液

棉浆黑液是高浓度有机废水,有较好的厌氧可生化性。利用上流式多级处理厌氧反应器处理棉浆黑液,容积负荷在14．4—24kg／（m^3·d）之间,平均COD去除率可达到80％,同时可产生沼气,具有很好的应用前景。