氮磷在塘-湿地组合生态系统中的去除机制研究

采用多种形式的塘和湿地组合生态工艺完善传统的生态塘和湿地系统,能实现系统处理环境的多样化,提升对氮、磷的去除效能。对山东某组合生态处理系统的研究表明,组合生态处理系统能够有效提升对氮、磷营养物的去除效果。各生态单元水环境的差异影响着氮和磷的主导去除机制,使氮、磷表现出不同的季节去除规律。其中氮的去除主要依靠生物的硝化反硝化作用。底泥中的磷按照Fe-P>OPalk>Al-P>Ca-P>OPres逐渐变为Ca-P>Fe-P>Al-P>OPalk>OPres,与磷共沉降逐渐成为的主导去除机制。     

水质在线监测系统在城镇污水处理厂的应用研究

水质在线监测系统作为自动化、信息化、科学化的现代高效的监管模式,已经纳入到城镇污水处理厂的日常管理工作中。文章以大连市某城镇污水处理厂为例,介绍了在线监测系统的实际运行情况,结果表明：监测数据准确度较高,总体运行安全可靠。     

低碳城市的评价指标体系完善与发展综合评价研究

首先,分析了低碳城市的概念和内涵;其次,在对已有的低碳城市评价指标体系评述的基础上,基于系统科学的观点,提出了比较全面的低碳城市评价指标体系;最后,从建设实践的角度,讨论了低碳城市发展的综合评价问题。     

Sustainable recovery of nickel from spent hydrogenation catalyst: economics, emissions and wastes assessment

Economic viability, carbon emission profile and waste management associated with nickel recovery from spent hydrogenation catalysts are studied from sustainability perspectives. The purpose is to determine and compare the economic, environmental and social implications of different nickel reclamation techniques towards clean, safe and sustainable recovery of nickel from spent catalysts. Sustainability evaluation models are formulated to understand and improve the cost, carbon footprint and resource efficiency of a closed-loop nickel recovery process. The economic viability of the process highly depends on market values of recovered nickel and the production batch size. At a selling price higher than $12.60/kg, an operation with a batch size as small as 50 kg/batch would be profitable. The current rising nickel market, at ∼$18-24/kg, favors recovery operations although it also casts a dual effect on production costs. About 73-82% of carbon emission of the process is from the use of energy in the recovery operation. Energy efficiency is therefore identified as the most critical factor to improve the carbon footprint. The closed-loop process also improves resource use efficiency and minimizes toxic waste generation.     

浅析同程化技术在含悬浮物矿井水净化处理中的应用

开发研究工艺简单、技术可靠、管理方便、经济合理的新工艺、新设备和新药剂,是矿井废水处理和利用的重要课题。文章阐述了同程化技术处理含悬浮物矿井水的工艺、技术、流程以及处理装置的运行管理,同程化技术在达到较好运行效果的同时,实现多级净化、高度集成,具有系统简单、工艺合理、运行维护方便的特点。     

复合生物法处理炼化污水厂恶臭气体

介绍了“生物洗涤+生物滴滤”的复合生物法在某炼化企业污水处理厂治理恶臭污染的工艺原理、技术流程、过程控制和实践效果,分析讨论生物处理装置运行影响因素。实践结果表明,复合生物技术对炼化企业污水处理厂恶臭治理具有较为理想的恶臭净化效果,其中硫化氢处理效率可达到98%,非甲烷总烃处理效率可达到94%,且运行操作简便、成本低廉、无二次污染。     

UMIC厌氧处理结合工艺在养殖废水处理中的应用——以贵港扬翔大岭种猪场为例

针对猪养殖场废水的环境污染问题,以高效、节能与多层次综合为设计目标,本工程运用UMIC上升式多级内循环厌氧反应器为核心处理部件及厌氧氨化脱氮处理方法,对猪场粪污水采用"预处理-UMIC厌氧反应器-厌氧处理"的工艺路线。结果表明,经处理后粪污水中的化学需氧量、生化需氧量、固体悬浮物浓度、氨氮总量、总磷的含量分别为110、18、60、15、0.8mg/L,p H为7~7.5,水质优于《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB18596-2001);同时产生副产品得到利用,取得了较好的综合效益,对生猪养殖的废水处理产业具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。     

Modeling and optimization of activated sludge bulking for a real wastewater treatment plant using hybrid artificial neural networks-genetic algorithm approach

Prediction of sludge bulking is a matter of growing importance around the world. Sludge volume index (SVI) should be monitored to predict sludge bulking for a wastewater treatment plant. This study was an effort to develop hybrid artificial neural network-genetic algorithm models (MLPANN-GA and RBFANN-GA) to accurately predict SVI. Operating parameters, including MLVSS, pH, DO, temperature, TSS, COD and total nitrogen were the inputs of neural networks. Genetic algorithm was utilized in order to optimize weights and thresholds of the MLPANN and RFBANN models. Training procedures for SVI estimation were successful for both the MLPANN-GA and RBFANN-GA models. The training and validation models showed an almost perfect match between experimental and predicted values of SVI. The results indicated that with low experimental values of input data to train ANNs, the MLPANN-GA compared with the RBFANN-GA is more accurate due to higher coefficient of determination (R²) and lower root mean squared error (RMSE) values. The values of RMSE and R² for the optimal models approached 0 and 1, respectively. The mean average error for the ANN models did not exceed 3% of the input values of the measured SVI. The GA increased the accuracy of all the MLPANN and RBFANN models.     

Effects of water regime, crop residues, and application rates on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Biological soil disinfestation is an effective method to control soil-borne disease by flooding and incorporating with organic amendments, but field conditions and resources sometimes limited its practical application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to develop practice guidelines on controlling Fusarium wilt, a widespread banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense(FOC). FOC infested soil incorporated with rice or maize straw at rates of 1.5 tons/ha and 3.0 tons/ha was incubated under flooded or water-saturated(100% water holding capacity) conditions at 30℃ for 30 days. Results showed that FOC populations in the soils incorporated with either rice or maize straw rapidly reduced more than 90% in the first 15 days and then fluctuated till the end of incubation, while flooding alone without organic amendment reduced FOC populations slightly. The rapid and dramatic decrease of redox potential(down to- 350 m V) in straw-amended treatments implied that both anaerobic condition and strongly reductive soil condition would contribute to pathogen inactivation. Water-saturation combined with straw amendments had the comparable effects on reduction of FOC, indicating that flooding was not indispensable for inactivating FOC. There was no significant difference in the reduction of FOC observed in the straw amendments at between 1.5 and 3 tons/ha. Therefore,incorporating soil with straw(rice or maize straw) at a rate of 3.0 tons/ha under 100%water holding capacity or 1.5 tons/ha under flooding, would effectively alleviate banana Fusarium wilt caused by FOC after 15-day treating under 30℃.     

盐酸法提取污泥中蛋白质过程的研究

为了探索剩余污泥中蛋白质的提取方法,采用盐酸和氢氧化钠对污泥中蛋白质进行了提取,并对提取液进行了紫外光谱分析。结果证明盐酸提取法更有利于污泥中蛋白质的提取操作,并可以保证蛋白质质量。随后,实验考察了温度、污泥浓度、盐酸浓度以及操作时间对提取液中蛋白质浓度的影响情况。结果表明:蛋白质浓缩随温度呈先慢后快的增加趋势,随污泥浓度呈线性增加趋势,随盐酸浓度呈先快后慢增加趋势,适当延长时间有利于提升提取液中的蛋白质浓度。