离子色谱法测定环境水样阴离子处理方法的试验

本文研究了离子色谱法测定环境水样中阴离子时样品的一般处理方法。该方法以固体无水碳酸钠处理水样并以酚酞指示剂指示处理的终点,以邻苯二甲酸除去样品碱性干扰,以活性炭吸附水样中的有机物和酚酞指示剂。研究测试和监测实践的结果表明,该方法应用于环境监测简单可靠。     

鳌江水污染特征及防治对策

平阳县环境监测站于1998年2002年对鳌江埭头、江屿、方岩渡、江口渡4个断面的水质进行了监测。结果表明,埭头断面目前属尚清洁．江屿断面属严重污染(以氨氮、挥发酚为主),方岩渡、江口渡断面为中污染段(以氨氮为主)。造成鳌江污染的污染源主要是平阳县的制革废水和鳌江沿岸乡镇的生活污水。提出。环保及各级政府部门应加大对鳌江治理投资,尽快建设排污管网及生活污水处理厂;对无能力进行废水处理的小企业,应予以关闭;提倡使用清洁生产工艺,从源头减少制革废水的污染。     

基于CI指数的湖北干旱及其变化特征分析

利用湖北省71个气象台站1960～2011年地面观测资料,按照国家标准《气象干旱等级GB/T20481 2006》中的综合气象干旱指数CI对湖北省干旱特点及其气候变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：(1)西北部地区全年有近1/3的时间为干旱日,季节变化差异小,是湖北省易干旱地区;中东部地区年干旱日天数相对较少,但集中在7～10月伏秋季,是湖北典型的季节性干旱地区;(2)湖北省中旱以上干旱过程平均1 a一次;重旱过程平均2~3 a一遇,其中西北部地区2 a一遇;而特重旱过程全省平均6～7 a一遇,其中西北部地区为5 a一遇;70%重旱过程出现在伏秋季;(3)全球气候变化背景下,湖北省一般性干旱年出现频率有明显的增加,而大旱年出现频率变化不大;空间上近20 a西北部地区的大旱年出现频率增加明显;中东部地区大旱年呈减少趋势,而一般性干旱年出现频率呈增加趋势;(4)中东部地区中旱过程出现频率近20 a增多较明显,主要反映在7～10月伏秋季,重旱过程呈减少趋势;而西北部地区重旱过程增加,主要表现在11～2月冬闲季和3～6月春夏季     

北九州产业废物的处理

在日本,基于“有关废物处理和清理的法律”制定了废物分类、处理责任和处理基准等。北九州市是以重化学工业为中业发展起来的城市,由于其工业活动产生了大量的各种工业废物。因此北九州市制定了“工业废物处理计划”,有计划地综合性地对工业废物实施处理、资源化、减量化。为了今后全球范围的环境保护,工业废物的再利用、再资源化有待于进一步提高。现在,北九州市正围绕着这个课题进行着研究。      

南京亚青会环境空气质量状况及原因分析

利用南京市空气质量监测结果,对2013年8月及亚青会期间空气质量状况进行评价与分析,并结合采取的临时管控措施及气象条件状况,分析空气质量变化的相关原因。结果表明,8月份南京市空气质量均达到良的等级,亚青会期间空气质量进一步改善,多项污染物浓度达到一级标准,且同比上年明显下降,这一方面与针对工业点源、机动车流动源及扬尘面源采取了临时管控措施,一定程度降低污染排放有关;另一方面与亚青会期间的气象条件有利于污染物扩散有关。     

我国气象灾害综合区划

对于区域气象灾害的研究,以往多侧重单一灾种或气象灾害系统中某一子系统的研究,缺乏对区域多灾种气象灾害综合分析。本文采取“中国主要气象灾害分析”的十种气象灾害资料,首先通过春、夏、秋、冬各季主导气象灾害的频率分布,构成各季节气象灾害地域组合类型,再依据综合区划原则,制定出各季综合灾害区:春季划分成6个综合灾害区,夏季划分成5个综合灾害区,秋季划分成4个综合灾害区,冬季划分成3个综合灾害区。     

污泥焚烧残渣制备水处理药剂研究

利用污泥焚烧残渣制备水处理药剂,这方面还未见报道.某市污水处理厂污泥焚烧残渣是以Fe2O3和CaSO4为主的无机矿物质,选用以盐酸为主、硫酸为辅的混酸体系(H 摩尔浓度在7 moL/L以上,每千克残渣用H 为21～25 mol,浓硫酸与浓盐酸体积比是7%～13%).研究结果表明,在反应温度为110～120℃、反应时间在2.5 h、液固比大于2.0 mL/g的情况下,1 kg污泥焚烧残渣能制备得到酸度较小、含铁量略大于28 g/L的水处理药剂10 L,该药剂能应用于该市污水处理厂的生化处理出水.     

When biologists and engineers collide: Habitat conservation planning in the middle of urbanized development

The City of Austin, Texas, is one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the United States. It is also in one of the most biologically diverse terrestrial ecosystems in the world: the Balcones Canyonlands. Five cave invertebrates and two species of birds that inhabit the area are listed as threatened or endangered, two species of plants are candidates for listing, several others are considered rare and of concern, and a species of the salamander has also been proposed for listing. A habitat conservation plan, of national significance according to Secretary of Interior Bruce Babbit (Haurwitz 1996), has been under development for the last several years to conserve those endangered species through a 2400-ha system of preserves and to allow development to continue in more than 162,000 ha of surrounding area. The preserve system, comprising several units ranging in size from less than a hundred to several thousand hectares, would be bordered in many instances by developed areas. Development and maintenance of the infrastructure necessary for new and existing development, both commercial and residential, could have negated the biological value of the preserves (e.g., power-line corridors, water-treatment pipelines and facilities). The challenge of bringing this plan to fruition illustrates the complex biological, technical, and sociological context within which habitat conservation planning may occur. Resolving resource use conflicts of this nature have several commonalities that overarch these contexts. If recognized and addressed, one may move easily and foster positive results. These commonalities can be expressed as principles such as: relying on scientists to recognize, but not solve problems; acting before a scientific consensus is achieved; including human motivation and responses as part of the system to be studied and managed; and confronting uncertainty.     

Chemical Warfare Materiel: Unique Regulatory Issues

In those states that have not included CWM as hazardous materials in their RCRA programs, the RCRA requirements for management of hazardous waste would not strictly apply to any of the CWM. The Army has historically implemented procedures requiring that chemical warfare agents be managed as RCRA hazardous waste regardless of the concentration, physical form, or configuration of the agent. Such application of strict hazardous waste requirements to management of potentially nonhazardous CWM can result in remedial costs well out of proportion to potential human health and environmental benefits. Recent development of chronic toxicity values for the CWM has opened the door for development of cleanup and waste management standards for waste streams or media containing small residual amounts of CWM. Implementation of this health-based approach to management of CWM remediation wastes may, in part, help to reduce potentially unnecessary hazardous waste management costs for the nonhazardous CWM.