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401.
Tuan T. Cao Kelly M. Hyland Alana Malechuk Lee A. Lewis Stanley S. Schneider 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(4):521-529
Communication signals used in animal social interactions are frequently performed repetitively, but the function of this repetition
is often not well understood. We examined the effects of signal repetition by investigating the behavior of worker honey bees
that received differing numbers of vibration signals in established and newly founded colonies, which could use signal repetition
differently to help adjust task allocations to the labor demands associated with the different stages of colony development.
In both colony types, more than half of all monitored workers received more than one vibration signal, and approximately 12%
received ≥5 signals during a given 20-min observation period. Vibrated recipients exhibited greater activity and task performance
than same-age non-vibrated controls at all levels of signal activity. However, vibrated workers showed similar levels of task
performance, movement rates, cell inspection rates, and trophallactic exchanges regardless of the number of signals received.
Thus, the repeated performance of vibration signals on individual bees did not cause cumulative increases in the activity
of certain workers, but rather may have functioned to maintain relatively constant levels of activity and task performance
among groups of recipients. The established and newly founded colonies did not differ in the extent to which individual workers
received the different numbers of vibration signals or in the levels of activity stimulated by repeated signals. Previous
work has suggested that compared to established colonies, newly founded colonies have a greater number of vibrators that perform
signals on a greater proportion of the workers they contact. Taken in concert, these results suggest that vibration signal
repetition may help to adjust task allocations to the different stages of colony development by helping to maintain similar
levels of activity among a greater total number of recipients, rather than by eliciting cumulative effects that cause certain
recipients to work harder than others. 相似文献
402.
Dhruba Naug 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(7):1023-1028
Social interactions are critical to the organization of worker activities in insect colonies and their consequent ecological
success. The structure of this interaction network is therefore crucial to our understanding of colony organization and functioning.
In this paper, I study the properties of the interaction network in the colonies of the social wasp Ropalidia marginata. I find that the network is characterized by a uniform connectivity among individuals with increasing heterogeneity as colonies
become larger. Important network parameters are found to be correlated with colony size and I investigate how this is reflected
in the organization of work in colonies of different sizes. Finally, I test the resilience of these interaction networks by
experimental removal of individuals from the colony and discuss the structural properties of the network that are related
to resilience in a social network.
This contribution is part of the special issue “Social Networks: new perspectives” (Guest Editors: J. Krause, D. Lusseau,
and R. James). 相似文献
403.
Andries Richter Daan van Soest Johan Grasman 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2013
Real world observations suggest that social norms of cooperation can be effective in overcoming social dilemmas such as the joint management of a common pool resource—but also that they can be subject to slow erosion and sudden collapse. We show that these patterns of erosion and collapse emerge endogenously in a model of a closed community harvesting a renewable natural resource in which individual agents face the temptation to overexploit the resource, while a cooperative harvesting norm spreads through the community via interpersonal relations. We analyze under what circumstances small changes in key parameters (including the size of the community, and the rate of technological progress) trigger catastrophic transitions from relatively high levels of cooperation to widespread norm violation—causing the social–ecological system to collapse. 相似文献
404.
David M. DeJoy Author Vitae Lindsay J. Della Author Vitae Author Vitae Mark G. Wilson Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(2):163-171
Introduction
This study tests a conceptual model that focuses on social exchange in the context of safety management. The model hypothesizes that supportive safety policies and programs should impact both safety climate and organizational commitment. Further, perceived organizational support is predicted to partially mediate both of these relationships.Methods
Study outcomes included traditional outcomes for both organizational commitment (e.g., withdrawal behaviors) as well as safety climate (e.g., self-reported work accidents). Questionnaire responses were obtained from 1,723 employees of a large national retailer.Results
Using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, all of the model's hypothesized relationships were statistically significant and in the expected directions. The results are discussed in terms of social exchange in organizations and research on safety climate.Impact on Industry
Maximizing safety is a social-technical enterprise. Expectations related to social exchange and reciprocity figure prominently in creating a positive climate for safety within the organization. 相似文献405.
A.E. af Wåhlberg Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(2):99-106
Problem
The use of lie scales to control for common method variance in driver behavior inventories has been very limited. Given that such questionnaires often use self-reported safety variables as criteria, and have social implications, the risk of artefactual associations is high.Method
A questionnaire containing scales from several well known driver inventories that have been claimed to predict traffic accident involvement was distributed three times to a group of young drivers in a driver education program, as well as a random group twice. The Driver Impression Management scale (DIM) was used to control for socially desirable responding.Results
For all behavior scales, the correlation with the DIM scale was substantial. If a scale correlated with self-reported crashes, the amount of predictive power was more than halved when social desirability was controlled for. Results were similar for both samples and all waves. The predictive power of the behavior scales was not increased when values were averaged over questionnaire waves, as should have been the case if the measurement and predictive power were valid. Results were similar for self-reported penalty points. The present results indicate that even the most well-known and accepted psychometric scales used in driver research are susceptible to social desirability bias.Discussion
As social desirability is only one of a number of common method variance mechanisms that can create artefactual associations, and the great popularity of the self-report methodology, the problem for traffic research is grave.Impact on industry
Organizations that fund traffic safety research need to re-evaluate their policies regarding what methods are acceptable. The use of self-reported independent and dependent variables can lead to directly misleading results, with negative effects on traffic safety. 相似文献406.
The use of geographic information systems (GIS) technology in natural resource management has expanded rapidly: It is the
preferred tool of spatial data analysis addressing large landscapes and is typically the presentation medium for conveying
landscape-scale scientific findings to all kinds of audiences. In a case study using the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling
Study in western Oregon, it was found that the use of GIS to analyze and display natural resource data in that project produced
a variety of responses among different participants and participant groups. The findings offer insights into the workings
of groups attempting public involvement in natural resource management. 相似文献
407.
Measham TG 《Environmental management》2006,38(3):426-434
The way we learn about our environments—be they farms, forests, or tribal lands—has implications for the formulation of environmental
policy. This article presents the findings of how residents learned about their environments in two rural case studies conducted
in northern Queensland and relates these to the concept of “primal landscapes,” which is concerned with the interaction that
occurs between children and the environments in which they mature. Rather than focusing specifically on built environments
or natural environments, the article draws on an approach that conceptualizes environment as meaning-laden places in which we live and work, which integrate social, cultural, biological, physical, and economic dimensions. In drawing insights
for environmental policy, the article draws attention to the timing of policy interventions, the significance of experiential
environmental education, the potential to learn from place-based festivals, and the importance of learning from extreme events
such as fires and floods. 相似文献
408.
Damodaran A 《Journal of environmental management》2006,79(1):64-73
India's coastal resource complexes were traditionally characterized by a continuum of 'common property resources' or 'commons' that stretched from the shores to the seas. The continuum aided the existence of sustainable livelihood systems for local communities. Today, fragmented policy approaches and economic welfare schemes have caused the disintegration of community control over the continuum. As a consequence, livelihood systems of local communities have declined. The introduction of coastal management guidelines in the 1990s has exacerbated the situation. With reference to a coastal village located in the State of Kerala in South West India, the paper describes the trajectory of unsustainable change that has taken place in the coastal area resource complexes of the country. The paper argues for restoring the continuum of commons in the study area through community driven systems of natural resource management that are based on networks of nested institutions. 相似文献
409.
Between uncertainty and hope: Young leaders as agents of change in sustainable small-scale fisheries
Alejandro Espinoza-Tenorio Romana Gabriela Ehuan-Noh Gabriela Alejandra Cuevas-Gmez Nemer E. Narchi Dora Elia Ramos-Muoz Francisco J. Fernndez-Rivera Melo Antonio Saldívar-Moreno Jos Alberto Zepeda-Domínguez Juan Carlos Prez-Jimnez Alma Oliveto-Andrade Jorge Torre 《Ambio》2022,51(5):1287
The path to sustainable small-scale fisheries (SSF) is based on multiple learning processes that must transcend generational changes. To understand young leaders from communities with sustainable SSF management practices in Mexico, we used in-depth interviews to identify their shared motivations and perceptions for accepting their fishing heritage. These possible future decision-makers act as agents of change due to their organizational and technological abilities. However, young people are currently at a crossroads. Many inherited a passion for the sea and want to improve and diversify the fishing sector, yet young leaders do not want to accept a legacy of complicated socioenvironmental conditions that can limit their futures. These future leaders are especially concerned by the uncertainty caused by climate change. If fishing and generational change are not valued in planning processes, the continuity of fisheries, the success of conservation actions, and the lifestyles of young fishers will remain uncertain.Graphical abstract Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01639-2. 相似文献
410.
Myriam B.C. Aries Jennifer A. Veitch Guy. R. Newsham 《Journal of environmental psychology》2010,30(4):533-541
Office employees spend a lot of time inside buildings, where the physical conditions influence their well-being and indirectly influence their employers' business performance. With data from a field study conducted in the Netherlands in April to May 2003, we used path analysis to further elucidate the relationship between personal (gender and seasonality of mood shifts), building (view type, view quality, window distance, and social density), and perceived environmental conditions (light quality, and office impression) and physical and psychological discomfort, sleep quality, and environmental utility. The results show that window views, which that are rated as being more attractive, are beneficial to building occupants by reducing discomfort. However, being close to a window and rating the lighting as being of lower quality can result in thermal and glare problems (environmental utility). Reduced discomfort at work can improve sleep quality, indicating that physical conditions at work influence home life. 相似文献