农业土壤危险废物污染的风险管理

从环境风险管理出发,探讨危险废物对农业土壤污染的途径,提出土壤危险废物污染的风险管理内容和方法,初步建立辽宁省农业土壤危险废物污染的预警指标体系。     

新疆生态环境质量综合评价研究

合适的评价指标体系对正确评价区域的生态环境质量起关键的决定性作用。本文综合前人的研究成果，应用RS和GIS技术，采用综合指数评价法，对全疆区域的生态环境质量进行评价、排序及分级，由此得出符合实际的全疆生态环境质量状况。结果表明，全疆生态环境质量总体较差，北疆生态环境质量优于南疆，北疆西部生态环境质量优于北疆东部地区。     

厦门港和员当湖表层沉积物中的石油烃和多环芳香烃

2002年4月厦门港沿岸设9个站，员当湖设两个站采集表层沉积物，用有机溶剂萃取，硅胶柱色层分离，气相色谱—质谱联机带SIM数据采集系统对样品的石油烃类(M／Z=55)，多环芳香烃类进行分析，结果显示员当湖石油烃和多环芳香烃质量分数分别高达1397和1376．5ng／g。厦门港船只活动，厦门港四周工业废水、车辆燃油滴漏是石油烃和多环芳香烃污染的主要来源。     

面向新世纪的MARPOL73／78公约及其附则Ⅱ

国际海事组织目前正在对《ＭＡＲＰＯＬ７３／７８公约》附则Ⅱ－控制散装液体有毒物质污染规则作重大修改，内容包手胡毒液体物质和化学品，这很可能对主管机关、船公司和化工界造成严重的冲击。     

Degradation kinetics and products of triazophos in intertidal sediment

This work presents taboratory studies on the degradation of triazophos in intertidat sediment. The overall degradations were found to follow the first-order decay model. After being incubated for 6 d, the percentage of degradations of triazophos in unsterilized and sterilized sediments were 94.5% and 20.5%, respectively. Between the temperatures of 15℃ and 35℃, the observed degradation rate constant（kob,d） enhanced as the incubation temperature increased. Triazophos in sediment degraded faster under aerobic condition than under anaerobic one. The water content of sediment had little influence on the degradation when it was in the range of 50%-100%. The values of kobsd decreased with increasing initial concentration of triazophos in sediment, which could result from the microorganism inhibition by triazophos. Four major degradation products, o, o-diethyl phosphorothioic acid, monoethyl phosphorothioic acid, phosphorothioic acid, and 1-phenyl-3-hydroxy-1, 2,4-triazole, were tentatively identified as their corresponding trimethylsilyl derivatives with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The possible degradation pathway of triazophos in intertidal sediment was proposed. The results revealed that triazophos in intertidal sediment was relatively unstable and coutd be easily degraded.     

Optimization of C/N ratio for preparation of protein-rich and multi-enzymes feed thallus through synergic fermentation of mixed distillers'grains

A new procedure of determining optimal C/N (the rate of carbon source to nitrogen source) of mixed distillers' grains for combined bacteria synergic fermentation is established. At the same time an improved method evaluating bacteria growth, called method of dry cell weighing by filtering is developed. For each combination of C and N , their initial and residual contents before and after fermentation respectively are determined. Then followed the calculation of utilization of C and N sources by the compound bacteria. The optimal C/N is finally located from among the utilization of C and N of several combinations and the weight of produced mass of oven-dried thallus The conditions of fermentation are: inoculum size 10%, temperature 30.0℃, rotational speed 170 r/min, shake culture time 48h. The best results obtained from orthogonal experiments are: maximum mass of oven dried thallus is 14.693g in a liter liquid medium, maximum utilization rate of carbon source is 98.13% and maximum utilization rate of nitrogen is 78.14%. Optimal C/N is 5.1.     

金属铁还原降解2,4-二硝基甲苯的实验研究

研究了金属铁对2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-DNT)的还原降解情况.实验结果表明,2,4-DNT的还原降解与溶液初始pH值、初始浓度和溶解氧等因素有关.氯离子能消除金属铁的钝化现象.金属铁表面附载的铜对2,4-DNT的还原降解具有催化作用.     

中国乳腺癌与土壤环境中化学元素的相关性研究

利用土壤元素资料２０６９４４８个数据、乳腺癌死亡调查资料３１３２０例，研究了乳腺癌死亡率与人群生存的土壤环境中64个元素的相关性。结果表明，砷、汞、钡、铊、钕、铀、锆、锑等元素与乳腺癌死亡率有相关性。等级相关系数分别为－０．６８２０（Ｐ〈０．０００５）、０．４５６７（Ｐ〈０．０１）、－０．３７７３（Ｐ〈０．０２５）、－０．３８５２（Ｐ〈０．０２５）、０．３１７９（Ｐ〈０．０５）、－０．４３７７（Ｐ〈     

乙酸型顶极群落的内平衡与反馈调节机制研究

通过产酸脱硫反应器处理高浓度硫酸盐有机废水的连续流试验，从“动态”角度考察COD／SO4^2-比改变引起的pH值、氧化还原电位（ORP）、碱度（ALK）和末端产物（VFAs）等的变动及生态因子的叠加效应引发的优势种群变迁，分析了乙酸型顶极群落的稳定性及其发生定向性生态演替的规律，进而阐明了乙酸型顶极群落抵抗环境压力的内平衡与反馈调节机制，并指出乙酸型代谢和乙酸型顶极群落是产酸脱硫生态系统的典型特征。     

锦州湾表层沉积物中铅、锌、镉在各地球化学相间的分配规律

研究了受重金属严重污染的锦州湾内表层沉积物中铅、锌、镉在各地球化学相间的含量,及其在湾内河水-海水混合界面附近各相间的迁移转化特征。结果表明,锦州湾表层沉积物中上述重金属以非残渣相为主要存在形式,其中铁锰氧化物为重要的清除载体;以铁锰氧化物和碳酸盐形式存在的重金属含量由水环境的E_H和pH控制;在污染源附近的海区,表层沉积物中重金属在非残渣相和残渣相间的比值与近岸锌厂排出的这些重金属在废水和废渣中的含量比呈正相关关系。