土著微生物修复铬(Ⅵ)污染土壤的条件实验研究

根据铬(Ⅵ)污染土壤中筛选出的土著微生物初步解毒实验结果,将土著菌种制成六价铬还原菌剂,通过时间、温度、菌量、pH值、有机质用量等单因素条件实验,发现温度和有机质含量对六价铬还原影响显著,在上述各项较佳条件下施用该菌剂1个月后,对于浸出液六价铬浓度范围从10-55mg/L的污染土壤,六价铬的还原效果都可达到90%以上,高于化学法,这说明该菌剂可有效应用于六价铬土壤的生物修复。     

上海市雨水污染控制初探

水环境的严重污染和饮用水资源的匮乏，已对上海市的持续发展构成了直接和潜在威胁。在借鉴国外雨水处理利用的研究，应用成果，综合考虑上海市水环境，城市建设及经济发展现状和地区特点的基础上，对上海地区城市雨水污染及其特性，控制雨水污染措施等作了阐述。     

重金属污染土壤植物修复法

重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术是近年来发展起来的一种较新的生态技术 ,其中 ,寻找重金属超富集植物是目前世界范围的研究热点。本文简要评述了重金属污染土壤的植物修复法的原理及类型 ,重金属超富集植物的应用潜力与最新展望 ,对国内外在这一领域的研究进展作一简单综述。     

污染土壤淋洗修复技术研究进展

本文介绍了淋洗修复技术和淋洗装置在污染土壤修复技术中的应用,对有机物、重金属及放射性核素污染土壤淋洗修复技术的应用现状进行了总结和评价,还探讨了淋洗修复技术的发展方向及其应用前景。     

加强土壤污染防治资金和工程项目管理的建议

文章首先分析了中央财政土壤污染防治专项资金的性质,结合资金管理办法进一步阐明了资金使用范围、资金分配方式、绩效导向和信息公开要求。分析了部分省份开展的土壤污染防治工程项目、资金管理制度建设的现状和获得2016年第一批土壤污染防治专项资金支持项目的情况,对比指出了在支持重点、支持方式上的不同特点。基于主要问题,从加强土壤污染防治项目储备库建设、开展项目与资金规范管理的制度建设、明确不同对象的组织管理职责、重视咨询服务队伍和专家队伍建设等四个方面,阐述了加强土壤污染防治项目组织和资金管理的建议,为相关环境管理部门提供决策参考。     

微波消解——原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中的铜锌镍铬锰铅镉

本文阐述了用微波消解——原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中的铜锌镍铬锰铅镉。通过硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸体系消解液对土壤样品进行消解,选择出微波消解的最佳消解条件。通过对微波消解体系和传统电热板硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解体系进行对比实验,前者不仅操作简便快捷赶酸时间短,而且准确度高、精密度好,提高了工作效率,是一种值得推广的土壤消解方法。     

The dynamics of arsenic in four paddy fields in the Bengal delta

Irrigation with arsenic contaminated groundwater in the Bengal Delta may lead to As accumulation in the soil and rice grain. The dynamics of As concentration and speciation in paddy fields during dry season (boro) rice cultivation were investigated at 4 sites in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. Three sites which were irrigated with high As groundwater had elevated As concentrations in the soils, showing a significant gradient from the irrigation inlet across the field. Arsenic concentration and speciation in soil pore water varied temporally and spatially; higher As concentrations were associated with an increasing percentage of arsenite, indicating a reductive mobilization. Concentrations of As in rice grain varied by 2-7 fold within individual fields and were poorly related with the soil As concentration. A field site employing alternating flooded-dry irrigation produced the lowest range of grain As concentration, suggesting a lower soil As availability caused by periodic aerobic conditions.     

Occurrence, sources, and inventory of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in soils from Chongming Island, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD)

Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) is a concern due to their large usage combining with physico-chemical properties and toxicity to wildlife and human. However, very limited data were reported on HBCDs in soils, especially from rural area. In this study, 22 soil samples were collected from Chongming Island at estuary of the Yangtze River Delta, to investigate the level, diasteroisomer profile, potential sources, and mass inventory of HBCDs. The total concentrations ranged from not detected to 93.8 pg g⁻¹ dry weight (dw) with a mean of 23.3 pg g⁻¹ dw, which was at the low end of the global levels. The wide distribution of HBCDs in soils suggested that the local emissions of HBCD-containing materials and/or the inputs via atmospheric transport from other regions were two possible sources. Variation of HBCDs levels was observed in different types of soils. Woodland, tideland and road soils contained slightly higher HBCDs than those of farmland and grassland. Overall, γ-HBCD was the dominant diasteroisomer in soils, followed by α-HBCD and β-HBCD. Significant but weak correlations were only found between α-HBCD and β-HBCD versus TOC content in soils. Currently, the mass inventory of HBCDs in soils of Chongming Island was 5.3 kg. Based on these data, we gave perspective on human intake of HBCDs via soil ingestion by age. Local resident’s intakes ranged from 15.5 to 97.8 fg kg body weight⁻¹ d⁻¹, in which children are exposed more than adults.     

中国台湾地区土壤及地下水污染整治管理与经验

中国台湾地区土壤及地下水污染整治基金管理会自2001年成立以来,不断完善管理架构和管理体系,发布相关领域的法律法规、行政规则和公告,有效运行污染整治基金的财务筹措和使用等经济管理机制。开展了一系列行之有效的预防、监测、调查、评估等管理工作,为污染场地的识别和筛选奠定了坚实的基础。对于污染场地的整治工作,采用标准和风险评估相结合的验收方式,推行场地可持续利用的绿色修复技术。重点研究台湾地区土壤及地下水污染整治工作的管理政策、模式和措施,总结相关经验,为中国土壤及地下水污染防治工作提供借鉴和参考。     

应用地质累积指数评价攀枝花地区土壤重金属污染

应用地质累积指数对攀枝花地区昔格达组粘土中重金属污染进行了评价研究。结果表明，各重金属元素污染较严重的地区分布在宝顶煤矿、太平煤矿、攀钢冶钢厂、攀钢矿山、尾矿坝等工矿区，污染较轻微的地区分布在红格、新九等农业区。各元素的污染程度上看，该区As和Cu污染较重，Cd,Pb,Zn次之，而Cr污染最轻微。