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31.
Spalinger SM von Braun MC Petrosyan V von Lindern IH 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,130(1-3):57-72
House dust has been identified as a major exposure medium for lead (Pb) in children. High levels of Pb in soil and house dust
have been recorded at the Bunker Hill Superfund Site (BHSS) in northern Idaho, an historic mining and smelting district. Soil
and dust remediation at the site was required; however, regional background soil and dust Pb levels had not been well characterized.
The objective of this survey was to determine background house dust Pb levels and to compare those levels with concentrations,
and dust and Pb loading rates measured at the BHSS. Soil and house dust samples were collected in five towns demographically
similar to the BHSS but unaffected by the mining industry. The background concentrations and loading rates were significantly
lower than those observed at the site. House age was a significant factor affecting background soil and house dust Pb concentrations
and loading rates. 相似文献
32.
Liu P Zhu D Zhang H Shi X Sun H Dang F 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1053-1060
Improved predictions on the fate of organic pollutants in surface environments require a better understanding of the underlying sorption mechanisms that control their uptake by soils. In this study, we monitored sorption of nine aromatic compounds with varying physicochemical properties (hydrophobicity, electron-donor/acceptor ability and polarity), including two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, two chlorobenzenes, two nitroaromatic compounds, dichlobenil, carbaryl and 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous suspension of four surface soils of eastern China. The tested soils were characterized with respect to organic carbon (OC) content, black carbon content, mineralogy, morphology and size fraction to assess the role of the diverse soil characteristics in sorption. The results of this study show that not only the solute hydrophobicity and the OC content of soil are important to the retention of organic pollutants, but also the solute molecular structure and the soil nature. 相似文献
33.
Boxman AW Peters RC Roelofs JG 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1252-1259
In a Scots pine forest the throughfall deposition and the chemical composition of the soil solution was monitored since 1984. (Inter)national legislation measures led to a reduction of the deposition of nitrogen and sulphur. The deposition of sulphur has decreased by approximately 65%. The total mineral-nitrogen deposition has decreased by ca. 25%, which is mainly due to a reduction in ammonium-N deposition (−40%), since nitrate-N deposition has increased (+50%). The nitrogen concentration in the upper mineral soil solution at 10 cm depth has decreased, leading to an improved nutritional balance, which may result in improved tree vitality. In the drainage water at 90 cm depth the fluxes of NO3− and SO42− have decreased, resulting in a reduced leeching of accompanying base cations, thus preserving nutrients in the ecosystem. It may take still several years, however, before this will meet the prerequisite of a sustainable ecosystem. 相似文献
34.
Indicators of ecosystem recovery 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
35.
36.
生态农业发展与小城镇建设 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以3家生态村为例说明乡镇企业在生态农业产值中占据主导地位。通过对乡镇企业的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益以及小城镇发展的优越性分析可知,乡镇企业不宜在农村发展,应该在小城镇中发展,农村生态建设要立足农业,通过减少土地的人口承载量,提高劳动生产率和增加农民收入。 相似文献
37.
Ilaria Guagliardi Domenico Cicchell Rosanna De Ros Gabriele Buttafuoco 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(7):179-187
Exposure to lead (Pb) may affect adversely human health. Mapping soil Pb contents is essential to obtain a quantitative estimate of potential risk of Pb contamination. The main aim of this paper was to determine the soil Pb concentrations in the urban and peri-urban area of Cosenza–Rende to map their spatial distribution and assess the probability that soil Pb concentration exceeds a critical threshold that might cause concern for human health. Samples were collected at 149 locations from residual and non-residual topsoil in gardens, parks, flower-beds, and agricultural fields. Fine earth fraction of soil samples was analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry. Stochastic images generated by the sequential Gaussian simulation were jointly combined to calculate the probability of exceeding the critical threshold that could be used to delineate the potentially risky areas. Results showed areas in which Pb concentration values were higher to the Italian regulatory values. These polluted areas were quite large and likely, they could create a significant health risk for human beings and vegetation in the near future. The results demonstrated that the proposed approach can be used to study soil contamination to produce geochemical maps, and identify hot-spot areas for soil Pb concentration. 相似文献
38.
文章评述了气溶胶中多环芳烃污染源类型识别的几种方法,即:比值法、轮廓图法、特征化合物法和多元统计方法等.比值法简单可行,应用较多,但常因苯并(a)芘的不稳定性而带来误差,建议与轮廓图法、特征化合物法等配合使用,多元统计法要求样品数多,并且运算复杂,目前应用尚不多见,但其潜力很大。 相似文献
39.
防止井下作业污染环境的工艺技术应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
分析了井下作业施工对环境造成污染的因素,介绍江苏油田在井下作业过程中进行污染防治的措施及其相关配套新工艺、新技术的应用和效果。 相似文献
40.
隶属度法和试行评价法对柳杨河两个断面及整个河段进行了分析和评价,结果表明,隶属度法不但可以确定某项污染物是污染等级,还能计算出超标倍数,对试行分析法进行了补充和订正,使得分析结果更加准确。同时分析了断面和水体污染原因,为环境管理提供技术支持和依据。 相似文献