Assessing effects of digital elevation model resolutions on soil–landscape correlations in a hilly area

The effect of different grid sizes of digital elevation models (DEMs) on the relationship between soil properties and terrain attributes was examined by comparing six DEMs (4, 6, 8, 10, 20 and 30 m). The study site was representative of a broad region of hilly landscapes in the southwestern China. The results showed that elevation, topographic wetness index (TWI), slope and natural logarithm of specific catchment area (SCA) varied with DEM grid size in a relatively clear direction except aspect and plan curvature. Different soil–landscape relationships were found across various DEM resolutions. The observations from this study indicate that the most accurate predict model is not always produced by the highest resolution DEM. The knowledge of which DEM resolution produces an appropriate model for a particular landscape can be used as a guideline for optimizing field sample strategies.     

污水处理新技术-同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮机理及影响因素分析

同步硝化反硝化(SND)是目前国内外污水脱氮技术研究领域的新热点.基于其高效低能耗特性,从宏观环境理论、微环境理论和生物学理论方面探讨同步硝化反硝化的脱氮机理,分析有机碳源、溶解氧、活性污泥絮体结构和pH值等因素对同步硝化反硝化所产生的影响.提出有待进一步解决的问题及深入研究的技术,从而达到节能降耗并提高工艺稳定性的目的.     

泰来县抗旱灌溉引水工程水土流失预测

采用类比法,结合泰来县抗旱灌溉引水工程的调查进行综合分析,从基本建设期水土流失量,林草恢复期水土流失量方面进行预测,得出该工程水土流失预测总量49835t,新增水土流失量25458t的结论。     

鱼体高铁血红蛋白检测在应急监测中的应用

针对2005年11月14日吉林发生的松花江污染,采用鱼体血液指标进行了分析,结果发现污染物对鲤鱼血液高铁蛋白浓度影响显著,并探讨了此方法需注意的问题。     

Evaluation of non-point source pollution reduction by applying Best Management Practices using a SWAT model and QuickBird high resolution satellite imagery

This study evaluated the reduction e ect of non-point source pollution by applying best management practices (BMPs) to a 1.21 km2 small agricultural watershed using a SWAT (Soil andWater Assessment Tool) model. Two meter QuickBird land use data were prepared for the watershed. The SWAT was calibrated and validated using daily streamflow and monthly water quality (total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and suspended solids (SS)) records from 1999 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2002. The average Nash and Sutcli e model e ciency was 0.63 for the streamflow and the coe cients of determination were 0.88, 0.72, and 0.68 for SS, TN, and TP, respectively. Four BMP scenarios viz. the application of vegetation filter strip and riparian bu er system, the regulation of Universal Soil Loss Equation P factor, and the fertilizing control amount for crops were applied and analyzed.     

以强化硬件建设为重点扎实做好内蒙古自治区土壤污染状况调查工作

内蒙古自治区环境监测中心站,通过强化硬件建设,制定各项措施,为内蒙古自治区土壤污染状况调查做出了重要保障。     

Effects of 5-year application of municipal solid waste compost on the distribution and mobility of heavy metals in a Tunisian calcareous soil

It is obvious that the application of solid waste compost improves the soil fertility. These wastes, however, may also have some negative effects on the agricultural environment due to their metal content. This research aimed at evaluating the influence of Tunisian municipal solid waste compost and farmyard manure on some chemical properties and the distribution of heavy metals in a calcareous Tunisian soil (clayey–loamy soil). A field plot experiment, without vegetation, was installed since 1999 at the experimental farm of the Agronomic National Institute of Tunis (INAT) in the region of Mornag (20 km south of Tunis, Tunisia). During 5 years, the field received yearly the following treatments: 0, 40, 80 and 120 t/ha of municipal solid waste compost and 0, 40 and 120 t/ha of manure. The fractionation of heavy metals in the soil was evaluated after 5 years using a sequential extraction procedure. The application of the two amendments was found to increase the content of organic matter, the total nitrogen content and the electrical conductivity, whereas it slightly decreased the soil pH. The addition of manure did not have a significant effect on the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, whereas compost application increased the total concentration of heavy metals in the soil. The distribution of heavy metals between the different fractions in untreated and treated soils showed the residual fraction to be dominant, followed by the fraction bound to Fe and Mn oxides. The amount of Cu bound to the organic fraction increased with the application rate, which is probably caused by the formation of organic complexes. For the other metals, the increase of the association with organic matter is very limited. The application of compost moreover increases the amount of Zn associated with Fe and Mn oxides. The “Mobility Factor (MF)” was quite low and did not change after the 5-year application of the two organic amendments. It always remained lower than 10%, although for Cd it amounted to 17%.     

一株高效溶藻放线菌的分子生物学鉴定

实验室从土壤中分离筛选得到了一株具有高效溶藻能力的放线菌,命名为AN02。对这株具有高效溶藻效果能力的放线菌AN02分别进行了形态特征、培养特征及生理生化特性的分析,分析结果表明放线菌AN02菌株的上述几个特征与细黄链霉菌(Streptomyces microflavus)的高度一致,与此同时,聚类分析结果也同样表明,放线菌AN02菌株与细黄链霉菌(Streptomyces microflavus)的高度一致,后经过比对,发现二者的16SrDNA序列的同源性高达近100%,因此,可将溶藻放线菌AN02定名为细黄链霉菌AN02(Streptomyces microflavus AN02)。     

氮素在土壤-作物中迁移转化的试验研究

为研究氮素在土壤和作物体系中的运移规律。本文开展土壤箱栽试验,分析农作物玉米在关中盆地3种不同类型土壤中对氮素的吸收以及土壤中氮素的迁移转化规律。结果表明,在试验初期,3种土壤中三氮主要以NH4＋的形式存在,随着农作物生长NH4＋含量减少,同时NO2-和NO3-含量均有不同程度的累积。作物收获后,土壤和作物体系中有相当数量的氮素残留,而且土壤中氮残留相对较高,导致氮素的损失率较大,流失的N素必将会对土壤、甚至地下水产生污染,因此建议该地区针对不同的土壤类型控制氮肥施用量,合理施用氮肥。     

焦作矿区煤矸石山周围土壤和玉米作物重金属污染研究

以焦作演马矿区为例,研究煤矸石长期堆放对周围土壤和玉米作物造成的重金属污染。根据当地地形地貌在矸石堆周围呈放射状布设3条采样线,用HCl-HNO3-HF—HClO4全分解法和HNO3-HClO4湿法消解土壤和玉米样品,检测土壤和玉米（叶、茎和籽）中主要有害重金属元素（Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn）。研究表明：土壤和玉米中Pb和Zn含量超标,且距离矸石堆由近及远土壤和玉米作物中重金属含量呈下降趋势,重金属在玉米作物不同部位的富集能力表现为叶中最高,茎次之,籽最低。