热解镀层石墨管在无标准分析法测定环境样品中镉的应用

本文选择了最佳实验条件和混俣基体改进剂（钯＋酒石酸），使热解镀层石墨等有可能用于无标准分析法测定各种环境标准参考物质中的镉。引入有效原子化温度（Ｔｅｆｆ）概念后，在Ｔｅｆｆ大于１６００Ｋ和使用钯和酒石酸为混合基体改进剂，用各种环境标准参考物溶液得到的实验特征量值，接近理论特征量值。     

石墨炉AAS法分析冬青科苦丁茶树系统中镉及其分布

采集海南大学苦丁茶种质资源库中6种冬青科(Ilex)苦丁茶树的根、茎、叶及对应土壤样品,通过试验研究,建立了高压密封消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定样品中镉的方法。对植物样和土壤样分别采用硝酸-双氧水和硝酸-高氯酸-氢氟酸混酸体系进行消解。以磷酸二氢铵作为基体改进剂,并开启氘灯校正背景,在优化的工作条件下测定样品中镉。该方法的检出限为0.300ng/mL,用于实验样品中镉的测定,其相对标准偏差RSD5%,加标回收率介于94%～108%之间。用该方法对茶叶(GBW10016)和土壤(GBW-07407)标准参考物中镉进行了测定,测定结果与标准值相符合,相对误差小于7%。冬青科苦丁茶树及其土壤中镉的分布具有特征性,主要表现为:土壤茶树,根际土壤非根际土壤,吸收根主根或茎,嫩叶老叶枯叶。     

黄石沿江土壤镉的形态特征及生物可利用性

为了解黄石市沿长江冲积土壤中重金属镉直接和潜在的危害程度,为重金属污染防治提供科学依据,采用总量测定、Tessier连续提取法,分析研究了湖北黄石市沿江冲积土壤中重金属镉的总量及不同形态含量,镉含量采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定。结果表明,研究区土壤Cd全量都大于2mg/kg,不同形态Cd含量相对大小依次为残渣态铁锰氧化物结合态碳酸盐结合态有机物结合态离子交换态。其中残渣态占全量比例为58%,铁锰氧化物结合态为26%,碳酸盐结合态、有机物结合态、离子交换态分别为8%、4%和3%。可见研究区Cd的生物可利用态含量低,生物潜在可利用态较高,生物不可利用态含量最高;现有环境条件下的土壤Cd比较稳定,生物可利用性较低,对农作物的危害性较小。     

土壤污染状况调查综合管理系统开发设计

介绍了土壤污染状况调查综合管理系统的设计开发及整体功能。系统以计算机信息技术、GPS手持终端技术和条码技术作为技术支撑,对土壤污染调查前端布点采样进行了全面、统一和准确的管理,以GIS为平台,实现了对土壤状况进行查询、统计、分析及结果展现。同时,系统具有土壤调查全过程质量控制的功能,对提高土壤调查工作效率、提升管理水平具有重要作用。     

Effects of field application of phosphate fertilizers on the availability and uptake of lead, zinc and cadmium by cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) in a mining tailing contaminated soil

A field trial was conducted to evaluate the reduction of bioavailability of heavy metals including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in a soil contaminated by mining tailings in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China. Three commercial phosphate (P) fertilizers including phosphate rock (PR), calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP), and single superphosphate (SSP) were applied to the plot at three P application rates, 50, 300, and 500 g/m2 with 9 treatments and control (CK). Plants, water soluble and exchangeable (WE) extra...     

Assessing effects of digital elevation model resolutions on soil–landscape correlations in a hilly area

The effect of different grid sizes of digital elevation models (DEMs) on the relationship between soil properties and terrain attributes was examined by comparing six DEMs (4, 6, 8, 10, 20 and 30 m). The study site was representative of a broad region of hilly landscapes in the southwestern China. The results showed that elevation, topographic wetness index (TWI), slope and natural logarithm of specific catchment area (SCA) varied with DEM grid size in a relatively clear direction except aspect and plan curvature. Different soil–landscape relationships were found across various DEM resolutions. The observations from this study indicate that the most accurate predict model is not always produced by the highest resolution DEM. The knowledge of which DEM resolution produces an appropriate model for a particular landscape can be used as a guideline for optimizing field sample strategies.     

Cd^（2＋）、Zn^（2＋）在不同介质中的等温吸附及迁移特性

采用等温吸附实验和土柱实验,探讨了重金属镉、锌在青岛地区三种主要土壤（棕壤、潮土和砂浆黑土）中的静态吸附特征和在石英砂、石英粉中的动态迁移特性。在静态等温吸附实验中,棕壤和潮土对Cd^2＋、Zn^2＋的吸附量相近,而黑土对Cd^2＋、Zn^2＋的吸附量明显高于棕壤和潮土。Cd^2＋、Zn^2＋的吸附比率随着加入浓度的增加而减少。在动态迁移实验中,Cd^2＋、Zn^2＋的迁移特性受介质质地、加入浓度、背景浓度和pH值的影响。由实验可知：Zn^2＋的迁移性比Cd^2＋强;随着pH的升高,介质对重金属的吸附容量和固持力增加。     

Cd胁迫对桐花树同工酶的影响

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳方法,研究了不同浓度Cd胁迫对桐花树幼苗叶片过氧物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酯酶(EST)同工酶酶谱的影响.结果表明:Cd胁迫下POD和EST同工酶组成发生了较大的变化,酶带颜色深浅和条数均有变化.部分同工酶基因表达在镉胁迫下完全关闭而酶带消失,另一部分同工酶基因表达则被启动而有新的酶带产生.而SOD同工酶酶带的亮度强弱也有明显的变化.这说明桐花树体内POD,EST和SOD同工酶确实能够适应Cd胁迫而产生相应变化,从而调节细胞代谢,以抵抗逆境胁迫.     

泰来县抗旱灌溉引水工程水土流失预测

采用类比法,结合泰来县抗旱灌溉引水工程的调查进行综合分析,从基本建设期水土流失量,林草恢复期水土流失量方面进行预测,得出该工程水土流失预测总量49835t,新增水土流失量25458t的结论。     

Cadmium bioaccumulation in three benthic fish species, Salaria basilisca, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus and Solea vulgaris collected from the Gulf of Gabes in Tunisia

To select a marine teleost fish which can be used as a bioindicator of cadmium (Cd) pollution in the Gulf of Gabes in Tunisia, Cd concentrations in liver and gill were compared in three benthic fish species including Salaria basilisca, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus and Solea vulgaris. Fish samples were collected from three selected sites in the Gulf of Gabes, with different degrees of Cd contamination: the industrialized coast of Sfax (S1), the coast of Douar Chatt (S2) and the coast of Luza (S3). The results shows that Cd concentrations in both sediment and water collected from S1 were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than those from S2 and S3. For each species, Cd concentrations, in both liver and gill, showed the decreasing order: S1 > S2 > S3. The highest concentration of Cd was detected in the liver of S. basilisca, and only S. basilisca showed bioaccumulation factors (BAF) greater than 1 in all studied sites. In S1 and S2, BAF values respect the following order: S. basilisca > Z. ophiocephalus > S. vulgaris. These results of significant bioaccumulation of Cd, in terms of hepatic concentrations and bioaccumulation factors, indicated that S. basilisca can be used as bioindicator to evaluate the evolution of Cd pollution in the Gulf of Gabes.