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991.
Meng Zhu Yongming Luo Ruyi Yang Shoubiao Zhou Juqin Zhang Mengyun Zhang Peter Christie Elizabeth L. Rylott 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(4):58
992.
建立QuEChERS-气相色谱法同时检测土壤中8种有机氯农药的方法,优化分散固相萃取剂用量。土壤样品通过分散固相萃取净化技术,氮吹浓缩后用正己烷定容,最后通过气相色谱测定。结果表明,在2.0~100μg/L质量浓度范围内呈线性,相关系数r为0.9895~0.9991。空白样品在0.5,5和20μg/kg加标浓度下的回收率为75.3%~92.3%,相对标准偏差为3.2%~5.6%(n=5),方法检出限为0.053~0.064μg/kg,测定下限为0.21~0.26μg/kg。该方法操作简单、结果准确、有机试剂用量少、分析成本低,适用于土壤中有机氯农药的残留检测与分析。 相似文献
993.
海泡石及其复配材料钝化修复镉污染土壤 总被引:19,自引:2,他引:17
选取湖北大冶Cd污染土壤,采用室外盆栽实验,研究了海泡石、酸改性海泡石以及二者与石灰、磷酸盐配合使用对油菜生物量、体内Cd含量以及土壤pH和有效态Cd含量的影响。结果表明,不同钝化剂处理均能有效提高油菜地上部和根部生物量,最大分别提高1.03和1.43倍,复合处理以及改性海泡石单一处理的增产效果优于海泡石单一处理。不同钝化剂处理均能显著降低油菜地上部和根部Cd含量,最大分别降低66.40%和22.68%。钝化剂复合处理比单一处理对降低油菜Cd吸收的效果显著,6%的钝化剂添加量较为合适。钝化剂复合处理以及海泡石单一处理均能显著提高土壤pH。不同钝化剂处理均能显著降低土壤有效态Cd含量,钝化剂复合处理对土壤Cd有效性的影响要比单一处理显著。综合实验结果,海泡石与磷酸盐复合处理对土壤Cd污染的钝化修复效果最佳。 相似文献
994.
污泥焚烧中Cd形态转化的热力学平衡模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用热力学平衡分析方法,结合典型污泥成分和焚烧条件预测了污泥焚烧过程中重金属Cd的转化和迁移规律。模拟计算中考虑了主量矿物质与Cl、S对Cd的形态转化的影响。研究结果表明,污泥焚烧过程中,在低温的条件下Cd主要以固体碳酸盐形式存在,随着温度升高,碳酸盐分解为固态CdO,随后有气态Cd(OH)2、Cd和CdO生成,并且在较高温度主要以气态Cd存在。焚烧体系中,矿物质SiO2对Cd的形态转化影响大于其他矿物质,SiO2能与Cd结合生成稳定的CdSiO3,从而可有效抑制含Cd气态污染物的排放。焚烧体系中Cl较易与Cd结合形成CdCl2而导致Cd的挥发,Cl含量的增加促进了Cd在焚烧体系中的挥发。在低温阶段,Cd易与S结合形成固态硫酸盐,抑制了金属的挥发;在高温阶段,金属的形态转化基本不受S的影响,但是可以影响气态金属Cd的生成温度。根据污泥在不同焚烧温度、Cl含量、S含量条件下Cd的不同产物形态,可以对Cd的污染进行有效控制。 相似文献
995.
The importance of physico-chemical parameters on the speciation of natural radionuclides in riverine ecosystems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
External gamma radiation levels were measured in the catchment areas of the Sharavathi River and the dose rates in air were found to be in the range 26.0-61.0 nGy h−1. Soil and sediment samples of the riverine environment were analysed for natural radionuclides such as 226Ra, 232Th and 40K using a NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometer. The activity concentration of 210Pb and 210Po in soil and sediment samples was determined by radiochemical separation techniques. Evaluation of the activity concentration of radionuclides with grain size revealed an increase in the activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K towards fine grain size. The activity concentrations for all isotopes in all samples were not significantly correlated with pH. However, the activity of 210Po and 210Pb in sediment showed a moderate positive correlation with organic matter content and a good correlation with clay content of sediment. 相似文献
996.
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii(C.reinhardtii)was used to study adsorption of cadmium(Cd)from aqueous media within various experimental conditions.Results showed that the adsorption process was very fast,with most of the adsorption occurring within30 min of contact time and the equilibrium state was reached in about 60 min.The adsorption ability of the algae increases with the increasing adsorptions sites on cells.Maximum adsorption was observed at the initial Cd concentration of 100 mg/L and pH 6.0.The adsorption was markedly inhibited in the presence of calcium and magnesium ions at 10 mM and the Cd removal efficiency was reduced by 16.54% and 14.99% respectively.This study would be a finding of note with regard to practical wastewater treatment. 相似文献
997.
E. Tipping J.J. Rothwell A.J. Lawlor 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1521-1529
Simulation modelling with CHUM-AM was carried out to investigate the accumulation and release of atmospherically-deposited heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in six moorland catchments, five with organic-rich soils, one with calcareous brown earths, in the Pennine chain of northern England. The model considers two soil layers and a third layer of weathering mineral matter, and operates on a yearly timestep, driven by deposition scenarios covering the period 1400-2010. The principal processes controlling heavy metals are competitive solid-solution partitioning of solutes, chemical interactions in solution, and chemical weathering. Agreement between observed and simulated soil metal pools and surface water concentrations for recent years was generally satisfactory, the results confirming that most contemporary soil metal is from atmospheric pollution. Metals in catchments with organic-rich soils show some mobility, especially under more acid conditions, but the calcareous mineral soils have retained nearly all anthropogenic metal inputs. Complexation by dissolved organic matter and co-transport accounts for up to 80% of the Cu in surface waters. 相似文献
998.
Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to soil chemical properties and heavy metal contamination 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mehdi Zarei Stefan Hempel Tesfaye Wubet Gholamreza Savaghebi Mojtaba Khayam Nekouei 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(8):2757-1576
Abundance and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with dominant plant species were studied along a transect from highly lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) polluted to non-polluted soil at the Anguran open pit mine in Iran. Using an established primer set for AMF in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA, nine different AMF sequence types were distinguished after phylogenetic analyses, showing remarkable differences in their distribution patterns along the transect. With decreasing Pb and Zn concentration, the number of AMF sequence types increased, however one sequence type was only found in the highly contaminated area. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that further factors than HM soil concentration affect the AMF community at contaminated sites. Specifically, the soils’ calcium carbonate equivalent and available P proved to be of importance, which illustrates that field studies on AMF distribution should also consider important environmental factors and their possible interactions. 相似文献
999.
Handong Yang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(7):2504-2510
A 5.3 m sediment core and soil samples were taken from Diss Mere and its catchment. The sediment core was dated and Hg analysed on the sediment and soil samples. The Hg record of the sediment core shows that Diss Mere has been contaminated for the past thousand years and the historical trends in sediment contamination are in good agreement with the development of the weaving industry in Diss and hemp cultivation in the region. Mercury contamination in Diss Mere has been significant and reached a peak in the mid-19th century with sediment Hg concentrations over 50 μg g−1. Elevated Hg concentrations were also found in contemporary soils in residential areas with former industrial land use. Although local hemp cultivation and the traditional weaving industry were abandoned a hundred years ago, Hg contamination caused by these activities still exists in the catchment, and affects the lake. 相似文献
1000.
Yuxiang Mao Yongguang Yin Guangliang Liu Guibin Jiang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(11):3378-950
A few studies have reported the occurrence of monoethylmercury (CH3CH2Hg+) in the natural environment, but further verification is needed due to the lack of direct evidence and/or uncertainty in analytical procedures. Various analytical techniques were employed to verify the occurrence of CH3CH2Hg+ in soil of the Florida Everglades. The identity of CH3CH2Hg+ in Everglades soil was clarified, for the first time, by GC/MS. The employment of the recently developed aqueous phenylation-purge-and-trap-GC coupled with ICPMS confirmed that the detected CH3CH2Hg+ was not a misidentification of CH3SHg+. Stable isotope-tracer experiments further indicated that the detected CH3CH2Hg+ indeed originated from Everglades soil and was not an analytical artifact. All these evidence clearly confirmed the occurrence of CH3CH2Hg+ in Everglades soil, presumably as a consequence of ethylation occurring in this wetland. The prevalence of CH3CH2Hg+ in Everglades soil suggests that ethylation could play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of Hg. 相似文献