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711.
家蝇AChE检测毒死蜱残留的最佳条件研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以纯化的家蝇(Museadomestica)乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)为试验材料,研究了缓冲液pH值、底物(ATCh)浓度、温度三个因素对酶活性的影响。结果表明:在pH值为8.5 ̄9.0,温度为30℃,底物浓度为2.5mmol/L的条件下,该酶具有最大活性。在此基础上,测定了不同pH值的缓冲反应体系和不同抑制时间条件下毒死蜱(Chiorpyifos)对AChE活性的抑制,发现pH值为8.0时AChE对毒死蜱最为敏感,而且对毒死蜱具有良好的线性响应关系(R2=0.9973),半抑制浓度仅为39.1μg/(L抑制时间为20min),检测下限为4.4μg/L。随着抑制时间的延长,毒死蜱对AChE的抑制程度逐渐增强,检测限可进一步降低。可见家蝇AChE是指示环境中毒死蜱污染程度的良好材料。 相似文献
712.
713.
714.
生物过滤法处理挥发性有机物气体研究进展 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11
生物过滤法是一种高效、廉价的废气处理技术。介绍了近年来生物过滤法处理挥发性有机物(VOCs)气体的研究进展。重点讨论了生物过滤法处理VOCs气体的性能、影响因素和运行模拟等内容。 相似文献
715.
填埋场沼气发电的温室气体减排效益分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
填埋场沼气是垃圾卫生填埋场产生的可利用资源.以深圳下坪垃圾填埋场为例,定量分析垃圾填埋气体发电的温室气体减排效益.结果表明,填埋场沼气发电具有很好的经济效益和环境效益,可作为与发达国家进行CDM(清洁发展机制)项目合作的优先技术领域. 相似文献
716.
717.
Toluene removal characteristics by a superimposed wire-plate dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A superimposed wire-plate dielectric barrier discharge reactor was used to remove toluene in this study. The effects of oxygen content, gas flow rate, gas initial concentration and with/without catalyst on toluene decomposition were investigated. It was found that an optimal toluene removal was achieved when the oxygen content was about 5%. Under this condition, the highest toluene removal efficiency of 80.8% was achieved when the gas concentration was 80 mg/m^3. The toluene removal efficiency decreased with the increase of the gas flow rate and the initial concentration of toluene. In addition, the ozone concentration decreased with the increase of the initial concentration of toluene. It suggested that combining DBD (dielectric barrier discharge) with Co3O4/Al2O3/foam nickel catalyst in-situ could improve the toluene removal efficiency and suppress ozone formation. Products analysis showed that the main products were CO and CO2 when oxygen was more than 5%. 相似文献
718.
Effects of cerium on growth and physiological mechanism in plants under enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Effect of cerium (Ce^3+) on the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme system in rape seedlings (Brassica juncea L.) exposed to two levels of UV-B radiation (T1: 0.15 W/m^2 and T2:0.35 W/m^2) was studied by hydroponics under laboratory conditions. After 5 d of UV-B treatment, the aboveground growth indices were obviously decreased by 13.2%-44. 1%(T1) and 21.4%-49.3% (T2), compared to CK, and except active absorption area of roots, the belowground indices by 14.1%-35.6%(T1) and 20.3%-42.6% (T2). For Ce+UV-B treatments, the aboveground and belowground growth indices were decreased respectively by 4.1%-23.6%, 5.2% -23.3%(Ce+T1) and 10.8%-28.4%, 7.0%-27.8%(Ce+T2), lower than those of UV-B treatments. The decrease of growth indices appeared to be the result of changes of physiological processes. Two levels of UV-B radiation induced the decrease in chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency by 11.2%-25.9%(T1) and 20.9%- 56.9%(T2), whereas increase in membrane permeability and activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) by 6.9%, 22.8%, 21.5%, 9.5%(T1) and 36.6%, 122.3%, 103.5%, 208.9%(T2), respectively. The reduction of the photosynthetic parameters in Ce+UV-B treatments was lessened to 3.2%-13.8%(Ce+T1) and 4.9%-27.6%(Ce+T2), and the increase of membrane permeability and activities of antioxidant enzymes except POD in the same treatments were lessened to 2.4%, 8.4%, 6.6%(Ce+T1) and 30.1%, 116.7%, 75.4%(Ce+T2). These results indicate that the regulative effect of Ce on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymatic function is the ecophysiological basis of alleviating the suppression of UV-B radiation on growth of seedlings. Furthermore, the protective effect of Ce on seedlings exposed to TI level of UV-B radiation is superior to T2 level. 相似文献
719.
Selective extraction and separation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in river surficial sediments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In order to investigate the adsorption mechanism of trace metals to surficial sediments (SSs), a selective extraction procedure was improved in the present work. The selective extraction procedure has been proved to selectively remove and separate Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials (OMs) in the non-residual fraction from the SSs collected in Songhua River, China. After screening different kinds of conventional extractants of Fe and Mn oxides and OMs used for separation of heavy metals in the soils and sediments, NH2OH .HCl (0.1 mol/L) + HNO3 (0.1 mol/L), (NH4)2C2O4 (0.2 mol/L) + H2C2O4 (pH 3.0), and 30% of H2O2 were respectively applied to selectively extract Mn oxides, Fe/Mn oxides and OMs. After the extraction treatments, the target components were removed with extraction efficiencies between 86.09%--3.36% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment, 80.63%- 101.09% for the oxalate solution extraction, and 94.76%-102.83% for the hydrogen peroxide digestion, respectively. The results indicate that this selective extraction technology was effective for the extraction and separation ofFe, Mn oxides and OMs in the SSs, and important for further mechanism study of trace metal adsorption onto SSs. 相似文献
720.
近年来珠三角地区大气中痕量氟氯烃(CFCs)的浓度水平与变化特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用预浓缩-GC/MS方法研究了珠江三角洲大气中的CCl3F、CFC-12、CFC-113和CFC-114等4种痕量氟氯烷烃气体。结果表明,2005年珠江三角洲背景点鼎湖山大气中CFC-12和CFC-11的年平均浓度高于全球本底站,说明珠三角地区还存在一定CFC-11和CFC-12的排放源;CFC-113浓度水平则与全球本底站点浓度接近,且CFC-113和CFC-114在广州城区与鼎湖山差别不显著,表明区内其排放源强度应很小。观测日内广州和鼎湖山大气中四种CFCs的日变化幅度均较小,无明显的昼夜变化规律。广州市CFCs总体呈夏秋高、冬春低的特征,与城区致冷设备高温季节使用频率较大有关;鼎湖山则呈冬春高、夏秋低的特征,主要受扩散作用和季风的影响。初步分析显示,从1997年到2005年,CFC-11、CFC-12和CFC-114浓度总体呈现先上升后缓慢降低的趋势,而CFC-113的浓度一直逐年下降。 相似文献