粤北地区尾矿库遥感调查与生态环境评价

运用遥感技术,对粤北地区尾矿库进行调查发现,粤北地区尾矿库主要包括金属矿山、非金属矿山、选冶场所尾矿库,安全隐患较多,环境污染较为突出,地质灾害风险明显,二次矿山资源浪费较为严重。近年来,广东省及各市县等地方政府部门加强了对粤北地区尾矿库的管理,取得了一定的成效,未来应进一步加强监管和治理力度,提高尾矿资源利用水平。     

A Simple Framework for Incorporating Seasonal Streamflow Forecasts into Existing Water Resource Management Practices1

Gong, Gavin, Lucien Wang, Laura Condon, Alastair Shearman, and Upmanu Lall, 2010. A Simple Framework for Incorporating Seasonal Streamflow Forecasts Into Existing Water Resource Management Practices. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(3):574-585. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00435.x Abstract: Climate-based streamflow forecasting, coupled with an adaptive reservoir operation policy, can potentially improve decisions by water suppliers and watershed stakeholders. However, water suppliers are often wary of straying too far from their current management practices, and prefer forecasts that can be incorporated into existing system modeling tools. This paper presents a simple framework for utilizing streamflow forecasts that works within an existing management structure. Climate predictors are used to develop seasonal inflow forecasts. These are used to specify operating rules that connect to the probability of future (end of season) reservoir states, rather than to the current storage, as is done now. By considering both current storage and anticipated inflow, the likelihood of meeting management goals can be improved. The upper Delaware River Basin in the northeastern United States is used to demonstrate the basic idea. Physically plausible climate-based forecasts of March-April reservoir inflow are developed. Existing simulation tools and rule curves for the system are used to convert the inflow forecasts to reservoir level forecasts. Operating policies are revised during the forecast period to release less water during forecasts of low reservoir level. Hindcast simulations demonstrate reductions of 1.6% in the number of drought emergency days, which is a key performance measure. Forecasts with different levels of skill are examined to explore their utility.     

颗粒计数法在高锰酸钾强化常规工艺运行优化中的应用

以引黄水库水为实验原水,通过颗粒计数和浊度的联用检测优化评估了高锰酸钾强化常规处理工艺中的各制水环节的处理效果。结果表明,絮凝出水10μm颗粒数和过滤出水2~7μm颗粒数的可作为水厂运行管理的依据,滤后水的颗粒物数量变化比浊度更灵敏准确地反映滤池运行状况;在高锰酸钾强化预处理的最佳投加量为0.8 mg/L时,原常规工艺沉淀对颗粒总数的去除率提高20.55%,滤后颗粒总数减少56.40%,显著降低了"两虫"穿透滤池的风险。     

长江新滩滑坡的历史分析，趋势预测与启示

从对新滩滑坡的历史回顾分析入手,得出新滩滑坡具有时空上的周期性和继承性规律。着重阐述了１９８５年６月１２日新滩滑坡的形成过程,分析了其机理和形成原因,并由此得出对三峡库区滑坡灾害在治理上的重要启示。     

新安江水库透明度与叶绿素a浓度反演模式初步研究

新安江水库有完整监测数据记录开始于1985年,但2001年后才有浮游植物密度和叶绿素a数据。文章利用2001—2009年透明度和叶绿素a监测数据,采用SPSS统计软件拟合回归方程,再根据2001年以前的透明度数据,反演相对应的新安江水库浮游植物叶绿素a浓度。结果表明,新安江水库1988、1990年浮游植物生物量较低,而1993、1996、2009年浮游植物生物量分别出现峰值,2000年以前浮游植物生物量波动剧烈,2000年以后基本呈上升趋势,特别是2005年以后上升趋势非常明显。     

官厅水库浮游植物功能群季节演替及其驱动因子

官厅水库是北京市重要的水源地,其生态环境问题一直深受社会关注。以浮游植物功能群调查为基础,于2010年春夏秋三季对官厅水库进行生态调查,根据水库水环境特征,在永1000、妫1018+1、河口3个不同生境区域设置采样点,进行浮游植物水样采集。共鉴定出浮游植物112种(包括变种),分属于6门52属。浮游植物种类组成:绿藻门23属49种,占种类总数的43.75%;硅藻门12属34种,占30.36%;蓝藻门10属19种,占16.96%;裸藻门4属7种,占6.25%;甲藻门2属2种,占1.79%;隐藻门1属1种,占0.89%。浮游植物丰度秋季(8 889.97×10~4个/L)夏季(7 157.39×10~4个/L)春季(868.97×10~4个/L),三季均值为5 638.78×10~4个/L。3个季节里浮游植物划分为18个功能群,代表性功能群的季节演替为春季(F/MP/H1/C/D/G/W1)→夏季(Tc/M/Wo/C/N/X3/LM)→秋季(Tc/H1/C/D/W1/P)。利用典范对应分析方法,对同步取得的p、TN、TP、WT等环境因子与浮游植物功能群分之间的相关性进行分析。结果显示,WT、p、TP、NH_4-N是官厅水库浮游植物功能群演替的主要驱动因子。     

丹江口库区及其上游流域水质污染特征及评价

根据丹江口库区及其上游河流5个区域42个断面2012-2013年的水质监测数据,采用主成分分析法确定主要污染因子及权重,对不同流域的水质进行综合评价。第一主成分包括总氮、溶解氧、五日生化需氧量、总磷、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数,第二主成分为氟化物、粪大肠菌群,第三主成分为化学需氧量;其权重分别为5．022,2．256,1．508。评价结果表明,湖北十堰市和丹江口市流域水环境污染相对较重,其次为河南南阳市、陕西商洛市、陕西安康市以及陕西汉中市流域。     

丹江口水库河南省辖区总氮污染状况调查

围绕丹江口水库总氮超标问题,以总氮项目为主要目标,以库区和入库河流为主要监测水体,通过对流域内包括面源在内的主要污染源调查,以及对主要入库河流和库内各代表水域的系统监测,研究丹江口水库总氮浓度时空分布、形态和来源,分析丹江口水库总氮超标原因,并评价丹江口水库总氮污染程度并分析其变化趋势。     

贵州三水库冬季浮游生物分布及影响因子分析

为揭示喀斯特地区深水水库冬季的浮游生物群落结构及其影响因子,于2010年2月对贵州红枫湖、百花湖和阿哈水库进行采样分析。共鉴定出红枫湖、百花湖和阿哈水库的浮游植物分别为66、70、60种,浮游植物丰度范围分别为0.34×106～2.25×106、3.03×106～12.72×106、5.3×106～13.3×106 cells/L,后生浮游动物分别为22、16、24种,丰度变化范围分别为1.1～36.5、7.3～408、27～135 ind/L。Jaccard相似系数显示红枫湖/百花湖(0.381)>百花湖/阿哈水库(0.371)>红枫湖/阿哈水库(0.274)。典范对应分析(CCA)显示3个水库冬季的浮游植物的分布主要受透明度、温度、喜冷中镖水蚤、右突新镖水蚤、pH、舞跃无柄轮虫的影响,后生浮游动物的分布主要受透明度、温度、DO、沼泽颤藻、单角盘星藻具孔变种、TN和颗粒直连藻极狭变种螺旋变形的影响。     

Use of satellite imagery to assess the trophic state of Miyun Reservoir, Beijing, China

The objective of this research is to explore an appropriate way of monitoring and assessing water quality by satellite remote sensing techniques in the Miyun reservoir of Beijing, China. Two scene Thematic Mapper images in May and October of 2003 were acquired and simultaneous in situ measurements, sampling and analysis were conducted. Statistical analysis indicates that satellite-based normalized ratio vegetation index (NRVI) and in situ measured water chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentration have very high correlation. Two linear regression models with high determination coefficients were constructed for NRVI and Chl-a of sample points. According to the modified trophic state index map, water quality in the western section of Miyun reservoir was consistently higher than in the eastern section during the two months tested. The trophic grade of the eastern reservoir remained mesotrophic with a tendency for eutrophication.