三峡工程湖北库区经济发展战略研究

库区经济发展是三峡工程移民能否长治久安的核心问题。三峡湖北库区地处三峡工程坝区库首的特殊位置，其经济发展战略必须立足于服务三峡工程，抓住四大机遇，开发当好资源，妥善安置移民，促进协调发展，战略目标分三阶段实施，提出了实现战略目标的基本对策。     

Rainwater conservation and recycling by optimal size on-farm reservoir

Hydrologic and economic analysis of the on-farm reservoir (OFR) was carried out in rainfed rice–mustard cropping systems in Eastern India followed by 2 years of field experiments in 1999 and 2000. The average contribution (average of 2 years) of direct rainfall and surface runoff from the diked crop fields contributed, respectively, about 79.5 and 20.5% to the total OFR inflow. The average contribution of evaporation loss, seepage and percolation loss and supplemental irrigation from the OFR contributed, respectively, about 10.0, 31.2 and 58.8% to the total OFR outflow. There was an average increase of rice yield of 44.0% over the rainfed rice because of application of 8.4 cm supplemental irrigation from the OFR. Thus, with an application of 4.5 cm supplemental irrigation from the OFR, 15.40% increase of mustard yield was recorded in 1999. Economic analysis indicated average net profit of Rs. 700 (US$ 1 = Rupees (Rs.) 44.75 in Indian currency) from a farm area of 800 m². Average values of benefit–cost ratio, internal rate of return and pay back period of the OFR irrigation system were evaluated as 1.17, 14.8%, and 16 years, respectively. The study reveals that the OFR irrigation in small landholders is economically feasible system for rainwater harvesting and providing supplemental irrigation in rainfed farming system.     

Response of Drinking-water Reservoir Ecosystems to Decreased Acidic Atmospheric Deposition in SE Germany: Signs of Biological Recovery

Strongly decreasing atmospheric emissions and acidic deposition during the 1990s have initiated chemical reversal from acidification in several drinking-water reservoirs of the Erzgebirge, SE Germany. We studied responses of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish stocks in five reservoirs and at enclosure scale after experimental neutralization of 1,200 m³ of lake water. About 4 months after this treatment, diatoms and cryptomonads replaced the predominating chrysophytes and dinoflagellates. The colonization by acid-sensitive species of green algae, cryptomonads, rotifers and Cladocera (e.g. Bosmina longirostris) is explained by the occurrence of dormant stages or by survival of individuals in very low abundances. Analogous to the enclosure experiment, three reservoirs showed significantly (p < 0.01) falling trends of chlorophyll a and phytoplankton biovolume, mainly due to the decline of dinoflagellates. Picoplankton and diatoms increased slightly in two reservoirs. The zooplankton communities were dominated by rotifers and small Cladocera. Representatives of the genus Daphnia were lacking. Two reservoirs were re-colonized by zooplanktivorous fish populations of either perch (Perca fluviatilis) or sunbleak (Leucaspius delineatus). The latter exhibited extremely high fluctuating abundance and biomass and even suffered from a population crash. This natural mortality was caused by a limited food supply. Hence, severe top-down control may delay the recovery of larger zooplankton species like daphnids. Fishery management comprising the introduction of predatory fishes can help to control zooplanktivorous fish populations and to prevent their mass mortality.     

浅谈水情自动测报系统在水库管理中的作用

通过水情自动测报系统在防洪调度工作中的运用,阐明了水情自动测报系统的实时性、综合性等特点,进一步表明了自动化管理在水利工程中的重要作用.     

临南油田污泥浆回注处理研究

临盘采油厂临南油田针对水质改性后固体废物急剧增加、处理难度大的问题,提出了将污泥浆回注入高渗储层的处理办法,并在夏52-414井进行了现场试验。试验结果表明,当污泥浆浓度为10%时,相当于含污泥15～20t,注入压力可稳定在11MPa。目前每天可以处理污泥浆150～200m3,完全能满足临南联合站全部产出污泥浆处理的要求。同时,在未加任何添加剂的情况下,污泥悬浮性很好,可以保证长时间连续注入的效果。     

驱排剂解堵工艺的研究与应用

吐哈温米油田属于低孔、低渗、低产能油藏,原油含蜡量、沥青质较高,油井的近井地带结垢严重。文章介绍了驱排剂的解堵作用原理、酸化工作液配方、驱排剂解堵工艺技术和现场应用效果。研究结果表明,驱排剂解堵工艺技术对解除油井的堵塞具有良好的效果,对提高油井的产液能力有重要作用,同时又是低渗透油田增产的一种新工艺。从2004年7月份开始,温米油田利用驱排剂解堵后油井平均单井日增油量3.0t,日增液量21.0t,动液面平均上升400.00m,平均单井有效生产期为90天以上。     

Identification of Land-Cover Changes Through Image Processing and Associated Impacts on Water Reservoir Conditions

A temporal assessment of land-cover changes of the province Beykoz in Istanbul has been documented in this article. The study focuses on the acquisition and analysis of LANDSAT 5 TM images that reflect the drastic land-cover changes between the years 1984 and 2001 utilizing aerial photographs, orthophoto maps, standard topographic maps, and ground truth measurements. The status of the province, including its surrounding villages, were examined together with more specialized maps showing only the city center and part of the province that lies within the watershed of the Elmali Drinking Water Reservoir. The land distribution profiles were also calculated for each of the images to help authorities and decision-makers to better understand the main causes of such remarkable changes and to inform them of the changing quality conditions of the reservoir. Rapid, uncontrolled, and illegal urbanization accompanied by insufficient infrastructure has caused degradation of forests and barren lands in the province, especially within the past two decades. The proximity of the province to the reservoirs watershed, downtown Istanbul, and the transportation network has accelerated the land-cover changes whose adverse impacts on the reservoir water quality are sensed. It is intended that the data gathered and processed in this study will provide a basis for future sustainable urban planning and management activities.     

生态文化山庄水环境的生态工程--重庆北碚某生态文化山庄水环境的生态设计

本文以重庆北碚某生态文化山庄水环境的生态设计为例。提出从生态的角度建设高级人居生态文化山庄，包括建设生态水库、雨水收集与生态处理系统和水循环系统。     

用标准基准投影法综合评价水体水质

投影法是一种多指标决策和评价的方法，可应用于水体水质间的比较与排序，但它不能定性评价水体水质，无法确定水体的污染情况。本文对该模型作了改进，具体方法为将水质标准值设为虚拟评价对象与考察对象一同进行投影，以标准的投影值为基准，通过标准区间嵌入法确定水体毋质等级值，根据各水质等级值进行评价及排序。以福州山仔水库为例，对水库的富营养化程度进行综合评价，评价结果与模糊隶属函数法基本相符，评价结果合理且方法简单明了。     

三峡库区1997年平水期水质同步监测的W值法评价

利用Ｗ值法对１９９７年５月５日上午１０时整在长江干流三峡库区段和嘉陵江、乌江进行的水质同步监测结果进行评价，分析了库区水质沿程分布情况，并与１９９６年同步监测结果进行了比较，提出控制库区水污染几项建议。