四川升钟水库水体富营养化评价

针对四川升钟水库生态安全问题进行了研究讨论,采用该水库2006年具有代表性监测点的监测数据与1987年、2006年、2007年监测数据平均值进行分析,选择总氮（1N）、总磷（11P）、叶绿紊a（CMa）、化学需氧量（CODMn）等4项指标作为评价参数对水库富营养化现状进行了评价。1987年升钟水库水体为中营养,2006年、2007年水体为中富营养,20余年以来水库水质下降,同时提出防治升钟水库水体富营养的措施。     

辽宁大伙房水库总氮总磷污染成因分析

通过对辽宁大伙房水库水中总氮、总磷的监测和对其上游污染源的调查,文章对辽宁大伙房水库水中总氮、总磷的污染成因进行了分析并提出了治理对策。     

Environmental factors influencing the distribution of total and fecal coliform bacteria in six water storage reservoirs in the Pearl River Delta Region, China

The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most developed and densely populated regions in China. Quantifying the amount of pathogens in the source of drinking water is important for improving water quality. We collected water samples from six major water storage reservoirs in the PRD region in both wet and dry seasons in 2006. Results showed that external environmental factors, such as precipitation, location, as well as the internal environmental factors, i.e., physicochemical properties of the water, were closely related with the distribution of coliforms. Seasonally, the coliform bacterial concentrations in wet season were one to two orders of magnitude greater than those in dry season. Spatially, coliform bacterial levels in reservoirs near urban and industrial areas were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in remote areas. Correlation analyses showed that the levels of coliforms had close relationships with pH, temperature, suspended solid, organic and inorganic nutrients in water. Principal components analysis further demonstrated that total coliforms in the reservoirs were closely related with water physicochemical properties, while fecal coliforms were more associated with external input brought in by seasonal runo .     

水位变化对湖泊(水库)消落带生态环境影响的研究进展

消落带是水域生态系统与陆地生态系统的交替控制地带,具有生物的多样性、人类活动的频繁性和生态系统的脆弱性等特征。水位变化是影响湖泊特别是湖泊消落带生态系统主导因素,水位变化的频度、大小、持续时间等因素对消落带水-陆交换过程有重要的影响。本文回顾了近年来水位变化影响研究的基本概况,分析了水位变化对消落带物理因子、植物、动物、生物地球化学过程的影响,并讨论了国内外的研究趋势以及存在的问题。     

不同除险加固方案下病险水库渗流特性研究

为了给病险水库制定更加合理有效的除险加固方案.以某病险水库为研究对象,采用SEEP/W进行数值模拟,得出渗流量、出逸坡降、出逸流速、防渗墙底部渗透坡降,研究不同除险加固方案下水库的渗流特性.研究结果表明:未除险加固时,大坝渗流量、出逸坡降、出逸流速随着水位升高而增大;3种除险加固方案下,大坝渗流量、出逸坡降、出逸流速皆...     

水源水库沉积物及其上覆水DOM光谱特征

为探究水源水库溶解性有机质(DOM)组成结构及来源,以深圳市茜坑水库为例,采用紫外-可见光谱技术(UV-Vis)并结合平行因子分析法三维荧光光谱技术(EEMs-PARAFAC)对水库表层沉积物及其上覆水的DOM光谱特征进行分析.结果表明:PARAFAC识别出3类荧光组分,分别是Cl(Ex/Em=270/304nm,类蛋...     

湖北省主要大中型水库富营养状况及特征分析

水库在城市供水、工业用水、水产养殖、农业灌溉、水利防汛以及景观旅游等方面发挥着重要的作用,但随着社会经济的发展,部分水库的富营养化状况日益严重,成为影响社会经济发展的重大环境问题。通过在2010年的3、6、7、10月对湖北省30座主要大中型水库进行布点采样,对水体的水质状况分别进行了调查、监测,采用《地表水环境质量标准》湖库标准进行水质类别分析,采用湖库营养状态指数法对湖泊富营养化评价, 并运用因子聚类分析方法对这些水库进行了类型划分。结果表明：30座大、中型水库有14座水库水质类别为Ⅱ类~Ⅲ类, 占467%; 有8座水库水质类别为IV类,占267%;有8座水库水质类别为Ⅴ类或劣Ⅴ类,占267%;除白云湖水库为轻富营养化外,其余29座水库均属中营养状态;氨氮、磷作为营养物质是这些水库富营养化的主要影响因素,溶解氧对水体富营养化有重要影响,总氮、水温和有机物污染对水体富营养化产生较大影响;30座水库聚类分为城市工业废水污染源型、生活污水污染源型、农业非点源污染源型和养殖轻污染型4种水库类型。针对水库的污染类型,分别提出了减缓防治措施     

用实测资料计算流域非点源污染负荷：以四川清平水库为例

把流域非点源污染负荷分成地面径流污染负荷、地下径流污染负荷和壤中流污染负荷。用水文学方法找出典型年河水中地下径流成分，然后分割出壤中流和地面径流。再根据实测的水质和流量资料计算出流域非点源污染负荷。方法简单可靠，具有典型性和代表性。     

Assessing the Eutrophication of Shengzhong Reservoir Based on Grey Clustering Method

Reservoir water environment is a grey system. The grey clustering method is applied to assessing the reservoir water enviromnent to establish a relatively complete model suitable for the reservoir eutrophication evaluation and appropriately evaluate the quality of reservoir water, providing evidence for reservoir management. According to China＇s lakes and reservoir eutrophication criteria and the characteristics of China＇s eutrophication, as well as certain evaluation indices, the degree of eutrophication is classified into six categories with the utilization of grey classified whitening weight function to represent the boundaries of classification, to determine the clustering weight and clustering coefficient of each index in grey classifications, and the classification of each clustering object. The comprehensive evaluation of reservoir eutrophication is established on such a foundation, with Sichuan Shengzhong Reservoir as the survey object and the analysis of the data attained by several typical monitoring points there in 2006. It is found that eutrophication of Tiebian Power Generation Station, Guoyuanchang and Dashiqiao Bridge is the heaviest, Tielusi and Qinggangya the second, and Lijiaba the least. The eutrophication of this reservoir is closely relevant to the irrational exploitation in its surrounding areas, especially to the aggravation of the non-point source pollution and the increase of net-culture fishing. Therefore, it is feasible to use grey clustering in environment quality evaluation, and the point lies in the correct division of grey whitening function     

浅谈国内外江河湖库水体富营养化状况

随着人类对环境资源开发利用活动日益增加，特别是进入本世纪以来，工农业生产大规模地迅速发展，工业化带来了“城市化”现象，使得大量含有氮、磷营养物质的生活污水排入附近的湖泊，水库和河流，增加了这些水体的营养物质的负荷量，为了提高农作物产量，施用的化肥和牲畜粪便逐年增加，经雨水冲刷和渗透，进入水体的营养物质不断增多，以上这些人为因素的影响，极大地减少了水体由贫营养向富营养过渡所需要的时间，国内外的现状调查结果表明，在全球范围内30％－40％的湖泊和水库遭受不同程度富营养化影响，我国近年来湖泊富营养化呈发展趋势，从20世纪80年代后期的41％上升到90年代后期的77％，水库富营养化问题也较严重，处于富营养状态的水库个数和库容分别占所调查水库的30．8％和11．2％，总体而言，水体发生富营养化的程度和范围呈发展趋势，城市湖泊及邻近城镇的水库水体富营养化程度较高，湖泊和水库等相对静止的水体发生富营养化现象重于河流，但河流富营养化问题也不容轻视，富营养化已成为世界范围内水环境保护中的重大环境问题。