双头犁式拉练皮带小车防尘改造

炼铁厂原料皮带机的防尘一直难以解决。原先采用的Ⅱ型皮带结构在使用中仍出现诸多问题。因此对Ⅱ型皮带结构进行二次改进，增设了双头犁式拉练皮带小车，取得了良好的环保效益和经济效益。     

加强起重机械皮带运输系统安全管理

起重机械事故在冶金企业工伤事故中占很大的比例。从人和物的原因着手分析了若干起起重机械事故，并提出了对策措施。     

浅层物探在监测城市地质灾害中的应用

我国约有160多个城市发生不同程度的地质灾害,迫切需要查明其成因,估计其发展趋势,并提出减小灾害的方法。本文以铜陵市长江路大面积出现的地裂缝及塌陷为例,对比使用了电法、磁法、地质钻探、人工地震等方法。认为人工地震方法在喀斯特地区可以用来确定此类地质灾害的范围、趋势和找出其成因。     

GROUND WATER FLOW AND RUNOFF IN A COASTAL PLAIN STREAM1

ABSTRACT: The quantity, seasonality, and sources of flow were analyzed for two segments of Four Mile Branch, a small stream on the Coastal Plain of South Carolina using data obtained from USGS gauging stations. Flows in the “upstream segment,” a 12.6-km² watershed comprising the head waters of Four Mile Branch, averaged 0.129 m³ s^?1 and showed a distinctly seasonal pattern, with maximum flows in February and March and minimum flows in September and October. Inflow to the “downstream segment,” a 2.2-km² watershed associated with the main channel, averaged 0.059 m³ s^?1 and showed no seasonal patterns. Discharges per unit area of watershed were greater for the downstream segment, 0.83 m³ per year per m² of land surface, than for the upstream segment, 0.32 m³ per year per m². The differences in discharge rates and seasonalities between the two segments reflect differences in aquifers supplying the different segments. Analyses of Streamflow by hydrograph separation and Streamflow partitioning methods indicated that greater than 90 percent of the flows in the upstream and downstream segments were due to ground water-driven base flows.     

黄泛平原的土壤侵蚀灾害及防治对策

本文阐述了黄泛平原土壤侵蚀的特点，对侵蚀的形式、程度及严重危害，作了比较详细的分析，并从宏观上提出了一些防治对策。     

江汉平原耕地资源利用特征的城镇化模式

城镇化与耕地数量变化之间的关系是当前土地问题研究的焦点之一。利用1990-2004年江汉平原14个县市的统计数据资料，分析了在不同城市、不同城镇化阶段以及不同城镇化速度等条件下耕地面积所呈现的变化特点，并归纳出基于耕地资源利用特征的3种城镇化模式。     

隧道含水断层破碎带的探测

以泉三高速公路某隧道含水断层为例,对比瑞利波和地质雷达两种探测技术,论述其优缺点,阐明瑞利波探测技术探测公路施工隧道含水断层破碎带的优点。     

覆岩采动裂隙带发育规律的数值模拟分析

运用FLAC-3D数值模拟软件,对特定开采条件下覆岩破坏发育规律进行分析.通过现场实测,获取基础数据.建立合理的数学模型,对实测数据进行反演计算.数值模拟分析获得的结果准确可靠,可以预计类似条件下的覆岩采动裂隙带发育高度.     

Modelling impacts of alternative farming management practices on greenhouse gas emissions from a winter wheat–maize rotation system in China

Agricultural production plays an important role in affecting atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Field measurements were conducted in Quzhou County, Hebei Province in the North China Plains to quantify carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from a winter wheat–maize rotation field, a common cropping system across the Chinese agricultural regions. The observed flux data in conjunction with the local climate, soil and management information were utilized to test a process-based model, Denitrification–Decomposition or DNDC, for its applicability for the cropping system. The validated DNDC was then used for predicting impacts of three management alternatives (i.e., no-till, increased crop residue incorporation and reduced fertilizer application rate) on CO₂ and N₂O emissions from the target field. Results from the simulations indicated that (1) CO₂ emissions were significantly affected by temperature, initial SOC, tillage method, and quantity and quality of the organic matter added in the soils; (2) increases in temperature, initial SOC, total fertilizer N input, and manure amendment substantially increased N₂O emissions; and (3) temperature, initial SOC, tillage, and quantity and quality of the organic matter added in the soil all had significant effects on global warming. Finally, five 50-year scenarios were simulated with DNDC to predict their long-term impacts on crop yield, soil C dynamics, nitrate leaching losses, and N₂O emissions. The modelled results suggested that implementation of manure amendment or crop residue incorporation instead of increased fertilizer application rates would more efficiently mitigate GHG emissions from the tested agro-ecosystem. The multi-impacts provided a sound basis for comprehensive assessments on the management alternatives.     

华北高产粮区夏玉米生命周期环境影响评价

以山东省桓台县夏玉米生产体系为例,应用生命周期评价方法,以单位产量为评价功能单元,把夏玉米生命周期分为原料开采与运输、农资生产与运输、作物种植3个生产阶段,对不同施氮水平下夏玉米生命周期的资源消耗与污染物排放进行了清单分析和影响评价.结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,夏玉米生命周期环境影响呈指数上升趋势,其中,主要影响类型为水资源耗竭,这与农作物需水量较大、水分生产率较低有关.在低氮量条件下,主要污染影响类型是全球变暖,随着施氮量的增加,富营养化上升为主要污染影响类型.提高作物种植阶段水肥利用效率是控制夏玉米生命周期环境影响的关键,它可减少夏玉米对水资源和氮肥的需求,从而直接减少农田氮素损失污染影响,也间接降低了上游生产环节的资源消耗与污染物排放影响,进而有助于降低夏玉米生命周期环境影响总潜力.