抑制薇甘菊生长的日本菟丝子化感物质研究

采用制备型高效液相色谱、重结晶等方法从有害植物日本菟丝子（Cuscuta japonica Choisy）的水浸液有机萃取物中分离出能显著抑制薇甘菊（Mikania micrantha H.B.K.）种子萌发的化感物质,并采用核磁共振（1HNMR、13CNMR）法、质谱（MS）法等对其结构进行分析和鉴定。结果表明：能显著抑制薇甘菊种子萌发的日本菟丝子化感物质为桂皮酸（cinnamicacid）和3-苯基丙酸（3-phenylpropanoic acid）。这2种化合物在菟丝子属的植物中属首次分离鉴定。这2种化感物质具有开发为生物源农药（如除草剂）的潜力。研究结果为入侵植物薇甘菊的防治提供了参考依据,也为日本菟丝子的开发利用开辟了一条新途径。     

城市空气中铅在国槐树体内的积累

研究了山西省太原市、榆次市和太谷县城3个规模大小和污染程度不同的城市,主要街道两侧行道树国槐杖叶内铅内铅的含量．结果表明：国槐对街道污染空气中的铅有很强的吸收和富集作用．枝条内含铅量与街道上交通车辆密度呈正相关,最高含铅量区域在太原市火车站和五一广场一带从市区中心向郊外延伸空气污染强度减弱,国槐枝叶内含铅量也呈梯度降低趋势3个城市的国槐枝叶内含铅量与其污染强度相吻合一年四季国槐都能通过枝、叶吸收和积累铅污染物,但其含量与树木生理活动、生长周期密切相关     

Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid on neural genes expression and neuronal morphology in the planarian Dugesia japonica

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an emerging persistent organic pollutant that is considered as a neurotoxicant in animal studies. However, these neurotoxicological studies did not evaluate potential neural deficits in aquatic animals associated from PFOA exposure. In this study, the effects of PFOA on neural genes expression and neuronal morphology in the planarian Dugesia japonica have been investigated. The results show that PFOA exposure results in neural-related genes expression alteration and neuronal morphology defects in planarians. These results suggest that the planarian D. japonica is a good bioindicator for the detection and evaluation of PFOA effects on freshwater invertebrates. The basal phylogenetic position of planarians makes them a good indicator species that can predict toxicity for higher taxa, providing information for the overall ecological toxicity of PFOA in aquatic environment.     

宁夏苦豆子资源的保护及其开发利用

通过对宁夏地区苦豆子的资源调查和生物特性分析,提出了苦豆子资源的保护和开发利用对策,为宁夏野生苦豆子资源的保护和开发利用提供重要依据.     

Effect of alginic acid decomposing bacterium on the growth of Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyceae)

We collected the diseased blades of Larninaria japonica from Yantai Sea Farm from October to December 2002, and the alginic acid decomposing bacterium on the diseased blade was isolated and purified, and was identified as A lteromonas espejiana. This bacterium was applied as the causative pathogen to infect the blades of L. japonica under laboratory conditions. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of the bacterium on the growth of L. japonica, and to find the possibly effective mechanism. Results showed that： （1）The blades of L.japonica exhibited symptoms of lesion,bleaching and deteriortion when infected by the bacterium. and their growth and photosynthesis were dramatically suppressed. At the same time, the reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation enhanced obviously, and the relative membrane permeability increased significantly. The contents of malonaldehyde （MDA） and free fatty acid in the microsomol membrane greatly elevated, but the phospholipid content decreased. Result suggested an obvious peroxidation and deesterrification in the blades of L. japonica when infected by the bacterium. （2） The simultaneous assay on the antioxidant enzyme activities demonstrated that superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） increased greatly when infected by the bacterium, but glutathione peroxidase （Gpx） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） did not exhibit active responses to the bacterium throughout the experiment. （3） The histomorphological observations gave a distinctive evidence of the severity of the lesions as well as the relative abundance in the bacterial population on the blades after infection. The bacterium firstly invaded into the endodermis of L. japonica and gathered around there, and then resulted in the membrane damage, cells corruption and ultimately, the death of L. japonica.     

槐树组织培养中超度含水态苗发生与防止的研究

对槐树（Sophorajaponica）花药愈伤组织在培养条件下形成超度含水态苗的条件研究表明：短期培养的愈伤组织及在含有较低ρ（BA）的培养基上多形成正常苗,而经长期培养的愈伤组织及在含有较高ρ（BA）的培养基上产生了大量的超度含水态苗;在MS附加ρ（IAA）0．2mg／L、ρ（BA）5．0mg／L的培养基上,愈伤组织经连续1．5a以上的继代培养后,其表面产生的芽均为超度含水态芽;将这种愈伤组织和超度含水态芽转人含不同浓度和种类植物激素及生长调节剂的培养基后发现：BA和高ρ（KT）明显促进了超度含水态苗的形成;而一定ρ（NAA）和ρ（2,4-D）则显著地促进了正常苗的形成．对培养过程的观察显示：在各种培养基上形成的正常菌中,有一部分是由超度含水态的芽和苗转化而来,即由其顶端或腋生分生组织进一步发育转化而来,而另一些则由愈伤组织上重新产生．     

籼粳杂种不育突变体91FS育性特征和RAPD及RFLP分析

91FS是一个稳定遗传的籼粳杂种水稻新型不育突变体,育性特征表现为,雌雄配子和受精过程正常,约25%的受精卵发育成胚,约75%的受精卵终止发育,与91FS群体约25%的结实率吻合,而且六代保持不变;91FS的RAPD和RFLP的谱带六代保持稳定和一致,与91FS的杂种性状和育性表达的稳定性也是吻合的;91FS与籼粳杂种可育材料91FM和以91FS为父本的杂交F     

Acute toxicity of industrial endocrine-disrupting chemicals,natural and synthetic sex hormones to the freshwater planarian,Dugesia japonica

Many chemicals commonly occurring in surface water are found to be hormonally active. Fourteen compounds including four sex hormones, three synthetic hormones, one non-steroidal anti-androgen, and six industrial endocrine-disrupting chemicals were selected to examine their acute toxicities on the freshwater planarian, Dugesia japonica. Among all test chemicals, diethylstilbestrol had the highest toxicity. Relatively, the toxicities of the synthetic hormones were higher than the natural ones. Among the six industrial endocrine-disrupting chemicals tested, bisphenol A was the most toxic, with a 48-h LC₅₀ of 8.3 mg L^?1. Overall, the natural or synthetic hormones, other than estrone and estriol, were more acutely toxic to planarians than the industrial endocrine disruptors tested. The acute toxicities of the test chemicals to Dugesia japonica were in the same order of magnitude as those to Daphnia magna based on available published data. Despite this study used non-environmentally relevant levels, such kinds of chemicals do not exist singly in the aquatic environment, but typically act in synergistic and/or additive ways in the complex environmental mixtures, and the total estrogen equivalents are much higher than a single chemical. This study stands as a starting point for other acute and chronic assays, namely using mixtures.     

铜、汞、铅对涡虫的急性毒性作用

在恒温 (2 0± 1)℃条件下研究了铜、汞、铅离子对东亚三角头涡虫 (Dugesiajaponica)的急性毒性作用 .结果为Cu2 、Hg2 和Pb2 对涡虫 2 4h半致死浓度 (LC50 )分别是 :1.5 6 3mgL-1、0 .70 4mgL-1和 188.16mgL-1;4 8h的LC50 分别是 :0 .888mgL-1、0 .6 6 6mgL-1和 171.5 7mgL-1;72h的LC50 分别是 :0 .786mgL-1、0 .6 6 2mgL-1和 14 0 .94mgL-1;96h的LC50 分别是 :0 .779mgL-1、0 .6 4 7mgL-1(Pb2 无此值 ) .试验结果表明 :这些重金属的作用应属于3种类型 ,涡虫作为重金属污染的指示生物基本可行 .图 2表 1参 18     

Effects of bisphenol A,two synthetic and a natural estrogens on head regeneration of the freshwater planarians,Dugesia japonica

Regeneration is a vital physiological process for survival of adult organisms. Bisphenol A (BPA), diethystilbestrol (DES), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and 17β-estradiol (E2) were examined for their effects on head formation in decapitated freshwater planarians (Dugesia japonica). The median lethal concentration of the test chemicals and the median inhibitory concentration for decapitated planarians and different regenerative endpoints, were determined for 3–7 d of exposure. For planarian head regeneration, the no-observed-effect level of BPA and DES was 0.05 mg L^?1 and 1 mg L^?1 for EE2 and E2. The effects of BPA, DES, and EE2 on asexual planarian regeneration did not correspond with the order of their estrogenic potencies, suggesting that the effects, at least partially, were due to general toxicity rather than their estrogenicity. In view of the published data on concentrations of xenoestrogens in water bodies versus the nominal levels tested here, this study suggests that the current environmental levels of BPA, DES, EE2, and E2 have no immediate adverse effects on freshwater planarian regeneration.