Study of county-level low-carbon standards in China based on carbon emissions per capita

ABSTRACT

Low-carbon development is an essential measure to combat climate change, and the establishment of low-carbon standards is an important means to achieve low-carbon development. Due to the differences in size and development level among counties of China, the applicability and fairness of county-level low-carbon standards are very important in this country. This study analyzed the trends of county-level carbon emissions in China, defined the peak value of carbon emissions per capita, summarized the characteristics of existing low-carbon standards, and proposed a fair county-level low-carbon standard based on carbon emissions per capita. The results of our analysis suggest that, under the constraints of carbon emissions reduction policies, China’s carbon emissions per capita will tend towards a stable range. Additionally, by referring to predictions results of the peak value of China’s carbon emissions per capita, it was determined that, in low-carbon development targets, China’s county-level carbon emissions per capita should be set within the range of 2–4 tons. Besides setting low-carbon standards, the Chinese government and private enterprises should develop low-carbon technologies as soon as possible and innovate management models to achieve the win–win situation of simultaneous economic growth and carbon emissions reduction.     

工业射线探伤的安全防护

首先介绍射线对机体的伤害,再从安全技术层面介绍了控制区划分、屏蔽物透射量的计算射线安全防护的方法,并且从实际应用出发分别举例说明操作人员允许接受的职业辐射剂量的规定和区域控制及屏蔽物投射量在工程的计算应用;从安全管理层面介绍了对工作人员的要求、安全管理制度及宣传和培训的安全管理的射线防护方法.工业射线防护总的原则是防止射线发生有害的非随机效应、限制随机效应的发生率在被认为是可以接受的水平范围之内,从而尽量降低射线造成的危害.     

污染源监测中样品采集质量控制方法

现场监测及核查的重要环节包括采样点位、采样断面、现场工况等方面。针对这些环节,尤其是废气现场工况核查部分提出质量监控方法,并以现场推算复核的方式有效解决监测现场中经常出现的问题。     

上海市重大危险源监控和应急救援信息系统建设方案研究

通过对上海市安全生产"十一五"发展规划中重大科研攻关项目重大危险源监控和应急救援信息系统建设方案的研究,对整个系统的总体框架的搭建进行了初步探索。整个系统总体框架以企业安全生产管理系统、数据分析评估系统、事故应急救援指挥系统、GIS空间数据管理系统和GIS地理统计分析系统5大部分构成,辅以国际上先进的风险评估软件,使信息系统的建设更具先进性,为上海市预防和遏制重特大事故的发生,提高应急能力提供了保障条件。     

某聚合物驱油先导实验职业卫生调查

对某采油厂聚合物驱油先导试验项目进行了职业卫生调查,以明确有害因素存在的岗位部位、种类、危害程度,并对职业病危害控制措施及效果进行调查分析。     

化工罐区大气环境影响评价中的技术探讨

就化工罐区大气环境影响评价中储罐正常排放时预测模式的选取、风险事故后果评价预测模式和参数的选取、环境监测计划的制定等技术问题进行了探讨.储罐大小呼吸损耗应采用面源模式进行预测更符合罐区无组织低矮源排放的实际情况.在风险事故后果评价中,泄漏蒸发和火灾事故中C0、SO2等伴生污染物的扩散模拟所选取的扩散参数的不同将导致预测...     

Two selenium tolerant Lysinibacillus sp. strains are capable of reducing selenite to elemental Se efficiently under aerobic conditions

Microbes play important roles in the transport and transformation of selenium (Se) in the environment, thereby influencing plant resistance to Se and Se accumulation in plant. The objectives are to characterize the bacteria with high Se tolerance and reduction capacity and explore the significance of microbial origins on their Se tolerance, reduction rate and efficiency. Two bacterial strains were isolated from a naturally occurred Se-rich soil at tea orchard in southern Anhui Province, China. The reduction kinetics of selenite was investigated and the reducing product was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy. The bacteria were identified as Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus and Lysinibacillus macrolides, respectively, using morphological, physiological and molecular methods. The results showed that the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of selenite for L. xylanilyticus and L. macrolides were 120 and 220 mmol/L, respectively, while MICs of selenate for L. xylanilyticus and L. macrolides were 800 and 700 mmol/L, respectively. Both strains aerobically reduced selenite with an initial concentration of 1.0 mmol/L to elemental Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) completely within 36 hr. Biogenic SeNPs were observed both inside and outside the cells suggesting either an intra- or extracellular reduction process. Our study implied that the microbes from Se-rich environments were more tolerant to Se and generally quicker and more efficient than those from Se-free habitats in the reduction of Se oxyanions. The bacterial strains with high Se reduction capacity and the biological synthesized SeNPs would have potential applications in agriculture, food, environment and medicine.     

机动车尾气污染与防治措施研究

改善空气质量,减少机动车尾气对雾霾的贡献已是当务之急.防治机动车尾气污染,关键是国家应制定和完善相应的法律、法规、规章和标准,出台鼓励新能源机动车的研发、生产、销售的优惠政策.环保部门要把住机动车环保检测第一关,严格机动车环保绿色标志的发放,会同工商部门对油品实行日常监管,加强环保宣传、提高人们的环保意识.公安、环保联动执法,杜绝超标车上路,淘汰黄标车.政府相关部门要科学规划和绿化城市道路.     

中原经济区发展的主要资源环境约束及破解对策

本文以中原经济区发展战略环评项目为基础,系统的分析了中原经济区发展面临的战略性资源瓶颈突出、结构性污染等资源环境约束及对粮食生产安全、人居环境安全及流域水安全等三大安全构成威胁,提出优化经济发展的调控策略以及破解资源环境约束的相关对策。     

重庆农田土壤有机碳稳定性同位素空间分布特征

对重庆182个典型农田土壤剖面有机碳稳定性同位素组成(δ¹³C_SOC)的测定结果表明,所有剖面土壤δ¹³C_SOC值均随采样深度增加逐渐趋正,表、中和底层均值分别为（-23.63±1.53）‰、（-22.43±1.59）‰和（-21.42±1.90）‰.就地域而言,渝东北土壤δ¹³C_SOC值偏负程度最高,渝中土壤则偏正.水田δ¹³C_SOC值明显偏负,旱地偏正,水旱轮作则居中;三者表层土壤δ¹³C均值分别为（-25.32±0.93）‰、（-23.17±1.37）‰和（-24.75±1.28）‰;不同类型土壤表层δ¹³C均值依序为：水稻土<潮土<紫色土<石灰（岩）土<黄壤.回归树分析表明,表层土壤δ¹³C_SOC值主要受作物类型控制,中底层则主要与土壤类型有关;其它因素如土壤性质（总氮、 SOC和pH）和气象条...