中国黄土高原地区的风蚀灾害及其防治

对我国黄土高原地区的风蚀情况及其严重危害作了简要阐述，指出坚持实施水土保持综合治理是防治风蚀灾害的根本途径，并对防治工作对策提出若干建议．     

中国安全防灾文化建设初探

安全文化是随着社会的繁荣、城乡的发展及科技进步，从工业文明、社会文化衍生而来。本文从国内外事故灾害频发的特点出发，探讨国内提出安全防灾文化建设的概念，并着重分析了拓展安全防灾文化建设的大思路。     

近20年我国农村自然灾害救济拨款时空变化规律分析

以人均相对灾害救济强度为指标，利用ＥＯＦ方法分析了１９７８～１９９４年我国农村救灾款发放的时空分异规律，发现其５种主要空间分布形式；在东部地区，１９８４年以前华北救灾强度较东北和江南相对偏大，以后则相反。     

东北地区盐碱泡沼渔业开发技术

盐碱泡沼广泛分布于东北地区的中、西部，是该区域宜渔国土资源的主要类型之一．根据１９８８～１９９５年东北松辽平原农业综合开发的实践，本文以大安市试验示范区为例，初步介绍了盐碱泡沼渔业开发的６项主要技术措施，以供同类地区借鉴。     

Reviews

Alex de Waal Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa Keith Smith Environmental Hazards: Assessing Risk and Reducing Disaster Kenneth Hewitt Regions of Risk: A Geographical Introduction to Disasters John Seaman The Public Health Consequences of Disasters John Prendergast Frontline Diplomacy. Humanitarian Aid and Conflict in Africa John Prendergast Crisis Response. Humanitarian Band-Aids in Sudan and Somalia Christopher Hood and David K.C. Jones Accident and Design: Contemporary Debates on Risk Management D. Hulme and M. Edwards NGOs, States and Donors. Too Close for Comfort? James C. Hathaway Reconceiving International Refugee Law Rhona Flin Sitting in the Hot Seat Donald Meichenbaum On Treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Handbook and Practice Manual for Therapy R. Scarpa and R.I. Tilling Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards Hanna Schmuck-Widmann Living with Floods: Survival Strategies of Char-dwellers in Bangladesh     

我国洪涝灾害规律的研究

系统地分析了我国洪灾形成的原因、时空上的规律以及现今防洪存在的一些问题, 最后提出了防洪减灾的若干对策     

1998年我国主要气象灾害综述

１９９８ 年, 我国气象灾害频繁, 洪涝、干旱、风雹、台风、低温冷冻及雪灾等不同程度发生, 特别是暴雨洪涝灾害尤为严重, 损失巨大。本文就上述几种主要气象灾害的发生特点和影响进行了分析和评述     

Black and Smelly Waters: how citizen-generated transparency is addressing gaps in China’s environmental management

ABSTRACT

Information communication technologies (ICTs) generate new forums for transparency via governance-by-disclosure initiatives designed to improve environmental management and policy. Data generated by these programs are a means to empower citizens, narrowing the accountability gap between governments and people and enhancing public service. There is little empirical evidence, however, that supports the theory that citizen-generated data can be used to improve the accountability of local government officials. Citizen-led transparency efforts are emerging in China, as the country undergoes an information revolution that has brought ICTs to near ubiquity. We evaluate the transformative potential of a new ICT initiative, the ‘Black and Smelly Waters’ program, which China’s government launched to help enforce local government water remediation efforts. Many examples of citizen-generated transparency are grassroots initiatives, yet the Black and Smelly Waters program is distinct in its top-down structure. An empirical evaluation of preliminary data illuminates Black and Smelly Waters’s early successes and challenges as a means to generate transparency and accountability. We discuss these findings and propose a broad application of this new type of disclosure to reshape environmental management in China.     

Midnight at the oasis: does restoration change the rigs-to-reefs debate in the North Sea?

ABSTRACT

In the North Sea, many oil and gas fields will reach the end of their productivity and their associated structures will be decommissioned. OSPAR decision 98/3 prescribes removal of all disused offshore structures as the only acceptable decommissioning option. This policy is the legacy of the 1995 Brent Spar incident, which resulted in the current dominant discourse of ‘Hands off the Oceans,’ ruling out the conversion of oil and gas rigs into artificial reefs (Rigs-to-Reefs (RtR)). The shift from a conservation to a restoration paradigm could open up the RtR debate. In this paper, a discourse analysis is carried out to discern whether and how ideas about RtR and ecosystem restoration are articulated to challenge the dominant ‘Hands off the Oceans’ discourse and thereby bring about change in North Sea decommissioning policy. A discourse analytic framework is applied to elucidate whether an ‘RtR as Restoration’ discourse can be distinguished and how competing claims are presented in the various storylines. Our analysis shows an ‘RtR as Restoration’ discourse, consisting of four different storylines. Given the fragmented nature of this discourse, the ‘RtR as Restoration’ discourse will not overcome the dominant ‘Hands off the Oceans’ discourse.     

论中国城市灾害科学的现状研究及新构想

城市是一个国家和地区的经济、政治、文化中心,是一个综合了社会、心理、地理、工程、功能、生态等学科在内的复杂系统工程,是人双重属性(自然与社会)的一个载体。面对现状及21世纪我国城市建设的挑战,本文认为不仅应研究优美的景观、平衡的生态、高效的功能及无障碍特性,还必须提高一个现代化城市抗御灾害的综合能力。“国际减灾十年”全球统一行动应同环境治理一样,成为衡量城市现代化的标志。