City-specific vehicle emission control strategies to achieve stringent emission reduction targets in China's Yangtze River Delta region

The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region is one of the most prosperous and densely populated regions in China and is facing tremendous pressure to mitigate vehicle emissions and improve air quality. Our assessment has revealed that mitigating vehicle emissions of NOx would be more difficult than reducing the emissions of other major vehicular pollutants (e.g., CO, HC and PM_2.5) in the YRD region. Even in Shanghai, where the emission control implemented are more stringent than in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, we observed little to no reduction in NOx emissions from 2000 to 2010. Emission–reduction targets for HC, NOx and PM_2.5 are determined using a response surface modeling tool for better air quality. We design city-specific emission control strategies for three vehicle-populated cities in the YRD region: Shanghai and Nanjing and Wuxi in Jiangsu. Our results indicate that even if stringent emission control consisting of the Euro 6/VI standards, the limitation of vehicle population and usage, and the scrappage of older vehicles is applied, Nanjing and Wuxi will not be able to meet the NOx emissions target by 2020. Therefore, additional control measures are proposed for Nanjing and Wuxi to further mitigate NOx emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles.     

标准加入法测定特质土壤中微量SO_4~(2-)

介绍了用电导滴定标准加入法测定特质土壤中微量 SO2 - 4的方法 ,本法克服了其他方法在测定特质土壤中微量 SO2 - 4时存在的不足 ,具有简便快速、精密度好、检出限低的优点。     

锂电池在特种设备行业中梯次利用的前景展望

特种设备行业对动力电池的要求不仅局限于功率性能,同时由于特种设备的应用场景特殊性,其环保要求和性价比同样重要。梯次利用作为应对电动汽车退役电池处理的重要手段,在电池余能利用方面发挥重要作用。现有特种设备动力来源正从燃油向电能转化,而且还有一大批鉛酸动力电池需要更新换代,梯次利用锂电池在机电类特种设备行业中的应用符合节能减排的政策导向,具有市场前景。     

基于条码技术的特种设备检测数据溯源平台的研究和应用

利用先进成熟的计算机技术和自动识别技术对特种设备相关业务进行管理已经成为提高效率、节约资源、减少浪费的必要手段,本院研发的“基于条码技术的特种设备检测数据溯源平台”（以下简称溯源平台）,能够实现特种设备全过程的数据动态存储,并全部实现闭环管理,这是国内目前的检验软件没能实现的,本文对该软件的研究目的、研究过程及实现功能等情况作了较为详细的介绍。     

论特种设备安全技术规范的基本安全要求

本文分析了特种设备安全技术规范的含义、法律地位和作用,介绍了欧盟指令中基本安全要求的主要内容以及和标准的关系等,重点论述了特种设备安全与风险的关系、特种设备基本安全要求的范围、本质安全的含义、特种设备损伤机理和失效模式分析的要求,提出了特种设备基本安全要求的确定原则。     

英国特种设备安全监管研究

通过查阅大量资料和广泛调研,对英国有关特种设备的管辖范围、法规标准体系框架、检验机构管理和主要监管环节等进行了研究,可为我国特种设备监管机构、检验机构、涉外生产单位制定政策、开展相关工作提供参考依据。     

小径管焊口未焊透深度射线检测特殊工艺

本文介绍了JB/T 4730.2-2005标准未能涵盖的、适用于在用压力管道的小径管焊口未焊透深度射线检测的一种特殊工艺,并配套设计了特殊的未焊透深度RT对比试块。     

“Guardianship” and the “Rural Workshop”—The First Quarter-century of U.K. Experience in Nature Conservation

In the U.K., the Countryside Act of 1968 represented the first “updating” of the pioneering National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act of 1949. Through the archival material that survives for the Ministry of Agriculture and Nature Conservancy, the paper commemorates that first quarter-century of post-war adjustment to the needs of farming and wildlife conservation. It does so through a case study of the documented discussion, both inter-agency and within separate counsels, of whether agricultural improvement grants should be paid for land scheduled as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). The post-war assumptions of both parties were shattered by clashes over the SSSIs of Cavenham Heath (Suffolk) and Waddingham Common (Lincolnshire). Characterized as a “cold” war, there was a point beyond which antipathy served no one's interests. Fully aware of the options available to policy-makers, both parties recognized the Countryside Bill as an opportunity to obtain greater protection for SSSIs without prejudicing the larger notions of guardianship of the rural resource and the importance that continued to be given to the countryside as the farmer's “workshop”.     

恐怖内心思想的智能阅读车(IRV)开发研究

近年来 ,恐怖袭击事件威胁着城市公共安全 ,给人们的精神和心理造成极大的创伤和痛苦 ,已引起各国政府、各大媒体的广泛关注。笔者分析了城市公共安全的特点 ,研制了恐怖内心思想的智能阅读车 (IRV) ,通过对进入公共场所的人群进行快速 (数秒内 )检测人体生理参数 (3项指标 ) ,阅读人群的心理、生理、行为特征 ,快速地识别出恐怖分子 ,解决了安全预警滞后的问题 ,建立公共安全的常规通道 (或非常规通道 )。研究与开发的目的是从传统的被动防范转变到主动预控 ,为解决国内外防恐和反恐难题提供了一种新方法。     

基于存活概率的动态车龄分布模型

城市车辆的年龄组成(简称车龄分布)是体现城市车辆老化程度和确定车辆报废年限的重要指标。目前已有的车龄分布算法要求数据量大,在我国大部分城市很难得到完整的数据。笔者提出一种符合威布尔分布的车辆存活概率算法。该算法根据车辆保有量数据和报废车辆总数(或新车数据)推导出各年的车龄分布,且能够动态预测将来年份的车龄分布。同时,利用北京市小客数据对算法进行了实例应用,证明该法的实用可行性。由于该算法所需数据量小,计算简便,特别适用于我国在用车统计不完备的地区,利用该算法根据有限的数据来推导出当地的车龄分布,具有通用性。该算法的有效性检验和敏感度分析需进一步研究。