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381.
382.
化学镀镍技术,以其独特的优越性正被广泛应用。但是化学镀镍溶液因其自身的还原反应性质导致镀液不稳定、使用寿命短。产生的废液中含有大量的镍离子、亚磷酸盐、硫酸钠及一些有机物等。镍是一种致癌的重金属物质,也是一种短缺昂贵的金属资源,磷则是引起水体富营养化现象的主要污染因素之一。因此,如何有效地处理化学镀镍废液中的磷,减少对环境的污染及生态平衡的破坏,有着非常重要的现实意义。本文通过大量的试验对影响磷处理效果的氯化钙投加量、反应温度、反应时间、反应pH值等因素进行了优化。在试验的基础上,可根据实际操作所得出的温度与pH值对镀镍废水磷处理的影响的结论,设计出一套化学镀镍废液综合治理的工艺流程。因此,具有非常重要的现实意义。 相似文献
383.
Huan Li Lan Cao Changjun Yang Zhehui Zhang Bingguang Zhang Kejian Deng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(10):84-90
A novel magnetically recoverable thioporphyrazine catalyst (CoPz(S-Bu)8/SiO2@Fe3O4) was prepared by immobilization of the cobalt octkis(butylthio) porphyrazine complex (CoPz(S-Bu)8) on silica-coated magnetic nanospheres (SiO2@Fe3O4). The composite CoPz(S-Bu)8/SiO2@Fe3O4 appeared to be an active catalyst in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol in aqueous solution using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant under Xe-lamp irradiation, with 36.4% conversion of benzyl alcohol, about 99% selectivity for benzoic acid and turnover number (TON) of 61.7 at ambient temperature. The biomimetic catalyst CoPz(S-Bu)8 was supported on the magnetic carrier SiO2@Fe3O4 so as to suspend it in aqueous solution to react with substrates, utilizing its lipophilicity. Meanwhile the CoPz(S-Bu)8 can use its unique advantages to control the selectivity of photocatalytic oxidation without the substrate being subjected to deep oxidation. The influence of various reaction parameters on the conversion rate of benzyl alcohol and selectivity of benzoic acid was investigated in detail. Moreover, photocatalytic oxidation of substituted benzyl alcohols was obtained with high conversion and excellent selectivity, specifically conversion close to 70%, selectivity close to 100% and TON of 113.6 for para-position electron-donating groups. The selectivity and eco-friendliness of the biomimetic photocatalyst give it great potential for practical applications. 相似文献
384.
Three perovskite-type catalysts prepared by citric acid method are applied to remove phenol from gas streams with the total flow rate of 300 mL/min, corresponding to a GHSV of10,000/hr. LaMnO_3 catalyst is first prepared and further partially substituted with Sr and Cu to prepare La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3 and La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3, and catalytic activities and fundamental characteristics of these three catalysts are compared. The results show that phenol removal efficiency achieved with La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3 reaches 100% with the operating temperature of 200°C and the rate of mineralization at 300°C is up to 100%, while the phenol removal efficiencies achieved with La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3 and LaMnO_3 are up to 100% with the operating temperature of 300°C and 400°C, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis shows that the addition of Sr and Cu increases the lattice oxygen of La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3, and further increases mobility or availability of lattice oxygen. The results indicate that La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3 has the best activity for phenol removal among three catalysts prepared and the catalytic activity of phenol oxidation is enhanced by the introduction of Sr and Cu into LaMnO_3. Apparent activation energy of 48 k J/mol is calculated by Mars–Van Krevelen Model for phenol oxidation with La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3 as catalyst. 相似文献
385.
386.
γ-Al2 O3 负载磷钨酸催化强化电化学法处理水中酸性大红3R的研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
采用浸渍法制备γ-Al2O3负载磷钨酸(HPW/γ-Al2O3)催化剂.运用红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)对催化剂的微观结构、形貌进行表征.结果表明杂多阴离子保持Keggin结构.将HPW/γ-Al2O3负载型催化剂填充于电化学反应器中,考察催化剂强化电化学法降解酸性大红3R染料的效果.研究表明,HPW/γ-Al2O3催化剂对酸性大红3R溶液显示了良好的催化活性,催化剂负载量为4.6%时,在pH为3、槽电压25.0 V、空气流速0.04 m3.h-1、极板间距3.0 cm反应条件下,60 min后,色度去除率达到97.6%.催化剂重复使用10次后,体系脱色率仍可达到80%左右,但会出现部分活性组分的流失现象.采用可见-紫外光谱对反应中间产物进行定性分析显示,在脱色反应过程中,染料分子中的共轭体系已基本被破坏. 相似文献
387.
利用餐厨废油制取生物柴油的影响因素研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了有效提高餐厨废油制取生物柴油(脂肪酸甲酯)的产率,降低生产成本,通过正交试验和单因素实验,系统分析醇油比、催化剂浓度、反应时间、反应温度等主要因素对利用餐厨废油制取生物柴油的影响.结果表明,醇油比、催化剂浓度、反应时间、反应温度等因素对餐厨废油制取生物柴油均具有显著影响,各因素影响显著性大小顺序为搅拌速度>催化剂投加量>反应时间>醇油比>温度;利用餐厨废油生产生物柴油的较佳工艺条件为搅拌强度为60 r·min-1,醇油质量比为0.22∶1,催化剂质量浓度1.0%,反应时间3h,反应温度60 ℃. 相似文献
388.
Liu Zhengqian Ma Jun Zhao Lei 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(4):482-487
Catalytic ozonation of aqueous solutions of oxalic acid was examined in the presence of graphite-supported platinum catalysts.
The catalytic activity of graphite was significantly enhanced by loading platinum. The removal efficiency of oxalic acid was
3.0%, 47.6% and 99.3% for ozonation alone, graphite catalytic ozonation and Pt/graphite catalytic ozonation in 30 min under
the experimental condition, respectively. The influence of support pretreatment, solvent, impregnation time, platinum loading
amount and reduction temperature on the activity of Pt/graphite catalyst was investigated. The pretreatment of graphite support
had no effect on activity improvement of Pt/graphite catalyst. Solvent and impregnation time also no great effect on the activity.
Platinum loading amount and reduction temperature influenced the catalyst activity significantly. The optimal catalytic performance
of Pt/graphite was obtained when 1.0% platinum loading and 623 K of reduction temperature was adopted. The Pt/graphite catalyst
was used for five times with no significant decrease in its activity and more than 90% oxalic acid removal was obtained.
__________
Translated from Environmental Science, 2007, 28(6): 1258–1263 [译自: 环境科学] 相似文献
389.
分别用十二胺(DDA)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(TMAOH)做模板合成了中孔骨架钛催化剂Ti-HMS和T1-MCM-41,FT-IR表征显示催化剂在960cm-1附近有吸收峰,且强度与硅钛比成正比 研究了催化剂制备条件对苯乙烯环氧化反应的影响,结果表明:焙烧温度为650℃、活化温度为200℃、反应温度45-55℃、反应时间6h,苯乙烯转化率接近80%,环氧化苯乙烯收率达70% 相似文献
390.