Low temperature CO oxidation over Pd–Ce catalysts supported on ZSM-5 zeolites

A series of Pd–Ce supported ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts for CO oxidation at low temperature were prepared by co-impregnation method. The effect of Pd–Ce synergistic function, Ce loadings, and properties of ZSM-5 zeolite on low temperature CO catalytic oxidation was investigated in detailed. The results showed that the Pd and Ce loading on ZSM-5 zeolite support at the same time enhanced catalytic activity compared with only Pd or Ce loading on ZSM-5 zeolite support. The properties of ZSM-5 zeolite had a strong influence for CO oxidation. Through the research, the ZSM-5 zeolite with high silicon aluminum ratio and small size also was helpful for CO oxidation. Among these catalysts, the catalyst with 19 wt% Ce loading displayed the highest catalytic activity. Chemical and physical properties of catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD and TEM showed that Pd species were highly dispersed on the surface of ZSM-5 zeolite, which was strongly dependent on the amounts of Ce loading and the interaction among Pd species, Ce promoter and ZSM-5 support. The addition of CeO₂ improved the dispersion of Pd species over ZSM-5, and synergistic function of Pd and CeO₂ enhanced the catalytic activity. XPS characterization indicated that as the addition of Ce increased, Pd species was easy to enrich on the surface of the catalyst.     

Degradation of gaseous 1,2-dichloroethane using a hybrid cuprous oxide catalyst

A hybrid catalyst (CZ50) of cuprous oxide and zeolite was prepared and used in a catalytic system in which gaseous 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) was degraded. The effects of relative humidity (15 and 65%) and wavelength of irradiation (ultraviolet, blue, green and red light) on the degradation of 1,2-DCE were studied. The experimental results reveal that the hybrid catalyst degraded the hazardous material under visible light. A comparison of the results obtained under ultraviolet and red irradiation at a relative humidity of 15% revealed almost equal degradation efficiencies of 83.8 and 82.2%, respectively. In the system with hybrid catalysts, a lower relative humidity favored 1,2-DCE degradation, indicating that relative humidity critically affects the degradation of hazardous materials. The most important result was that the intermediates of the degradation of 1,2-DCE included ethane, carbon dioxide, and formic acid yielded, which are mostly harmless and non-toxic materials. The experimental results indicated that the method could effectively be used to degrade hazardous materials to provide a healthy and safe environment for workers.     

Promoting effect of Zr on the catalytic combustion of methane over Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyst

The effect of Zr on the catalytic performance of Pd/y-A1203 for the methane combustion was investigated. The results show that the addition of Zr can improve the activity and stability of Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, which, based on the catalyst characterization （N2 adsorption, XRD, CO- Chemisorption, XPS, CHa-TPR and O2-TPO）, is ascribed to the interaction between Pd and Zr. The active phase of methane combustion over supported palladium catalyst is the Pd^0/Pd^2＋ mixture. Zr addition inhibits Pd aggregation and enhances the redox properties of active phase Pd^0/ Pd^2＋. H2 reduction could effectively reduce the oxidation degree of Pd species and regenerate the active sites （Pd^0/ pd^2＋）.     

Pd/CZ/Al2O3催化剂的制备、表征与三效催化性能

以共浸渍法制得的氧化铝负载铈锆固溶体为载体,并浸渍贵金属Pd得到了Pd/CZ/Al₂O₃催化剂.实验结果表明,该催化剂在老化前后都表现出良好的三效催化活性,新鲜样品Pd/CZ/Al₂O₃活性与Pd/CZ相当,老化后样品前者优于后者.结合XRD,BET,TPR等表征手段,讨论了Pd/CZ/Al₂O₃的催化活性特别是高温老化后活性与其组成结构之间的内在关系,揭示了其老化后仍具有较高活性的主要原因在于保持了Pd与CZ/Al₂O₃复合载体之间的强相互作用(SMSI).     

低温等离子体结合锰基催化剂去除乙酸乙酯的研究

利用固态法和溶胶-凝胶法分别制备了钙钛矿（LaMnO₃）和八面体分子筛（OMS）两种锰基催化剂,在不同工况（输入电压、初始浓度、停留时间和催化剂放置量）条件下考察了等离子体催化对乙酸乙酯的降解特性.结果发现,锰基催化剂的加入显著提高了乙酸乙酯的去除率,减少了副产物的生成,并且OMS的催化活性高于LaMnO₃;此外,乙酸乙酯去除率随着电压的升高而增加,随着污染物初始浓度的增大而减少,并随停留时间的增长而变大;催化剂放置量为0.2 g时催化效果最佳.OMS催化剂在等离子体催化长期运行过程中表现出较好的稳定性.基于X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、比表面积测试（BET）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等手段对锰基催化剂物理化学性质的分析表明,OMS具有较高的催化活性主要归功于其拥有更高比例的Mn⁴⁺/（Mn³⁺+Mn⁴⁺）和吸附氧（O_ads）/晶格氧（O_latt）.     

V2O5/TiO2催化剂选择性催化还原脱除NOx的研究

通过浸渍法制备V2O5/TiO2催化剂,在固定床反应器中进行NH3选择性催化还原脱除NOx的研究.结果表明,对于100/140目催化剂,NOx转化率随反应时间线性增加,NH3选择性催化还原NOx反应为一级反应,反应活化能为98.23 kJ*mol-1.对于片状催化剂,气体流量和催化剂的厚度对脱氮反应有较大的影响,气体流量增加,NOx转化率提高,当流量增至120 L*h-1后,NOx转化率趋于稳定;催化剂厚度由0.1 cm增至0.2 cm, NOx转化率从83%降至40%, 催化剂有效因子从0.254降至0.127.对于0.1 cm厚的片状催化剂,在573 K和空速1.4 s-1条件下,NOx转化率可达92%.     

钙钛矿型复合氧化物用于汽车尾气催化净化的研究进展(一)

综述了钙钛矿型汽车催化剂的研究进展.和过渡金属简单氧化物相比,钙钛矿型复合氧化物(ABO3)在热稳定性、化学稳定性和结构稳定性方面具有一定的优越性,因而表现出更高的催化活性.在满足容限因子的条件下,有多种元素可以形成钙钛矿结构的化合物.通常,B位离子决定了钙钛矿型化合物的催化活性,A位离子是影响化合物结构和B位离子价态的重要因素.当A位离子或B位离子被不同价态的离子取代时,通过形成氧离子空穴或者形成混合价态来保持化合物的电中性.氧空穴的形成或B位离子价态的变化使得化合物具有更高的活性.贵金属和钙钛矿型化合物结合,不仅可以有效防止贵金属的烧结,同时也提高了钙钛矿型化合物的催化活性.     

Mn-Ce/Ti-PILC催化剂低温脱硝性能研究

以钛基柱撑黏土(Ti-PILC)为载体,采用浸渍法制备了Mn-Ce/Ti-PILC催化剂,并考察了其脱硝性能。在n(Ti)∶m(黏土)为15 mmol/g、焙烧温度为400 ℃、Mn-Ce负载量(w)为12%和6%、空速为120 000 h^-1的条件下,Mn-Ce/Ti-PILC在宽温度窗口180~260 ℃的NO转化率可达90%以上,N₂选择性可达80%以上;220 ℃时NO转化率接近100%,N₂选择性达86%左右。柠檬酸和Mo的掺杂可进一步提高Mn-Ce/Ti-PILC的脱硝性能。Ti-PILC载体结构有助于活性组分分散,且Ti与Mn-Ce之间可形成强相互作用。Ce的加入可降低催化剂酸性位点强度。     

CuMn/ZrAlTi-堇青石蜂窝陶瓷催化氧化法处理含酚废水

选取球状堇青石蜂窝陶瓷作为催化剂基体,制备了CuMn/ZrAlTi-堇青石蜂窝陶瓷催化剂,采用XRD、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、比表面积测定(BET)等分析方法对其进行了表征,测定了其催化湿式氧化含酚废水的活性及催化剂抗压强度、脱落率、Cu2+溶出浓度等性能指标.实验结果表明:CuMn/ZrAlTi-堇青石蜂窝陶瓷催化剂在反应温度220℃、压力5 MPa、搅拌速率为600 r/min时,催化湿式氧化反应300 min,COD去除率可达94.6％;球状CuMn/ZrAlTi-堇青石蜂窝陶瓷催化剂具有强度高、易装填、易更换、脱落率低等特点,Cu2+溶出浓度低于国家排放标准,适合工业化处理含酚废水.     

前驱体溶液pH对核壳型Cr/CeO2催化剂低温选择性催化氧化脱硝性能的影响

采用一步水热法合成了具有核壳结构的铬铈复合氧化物（Cr/CeO₂）,并将其用于选择性催化氧化（SCO）烟气脱硝,考察了前驱体溶液pH对催化剂低温催化活性的影响。实验结果表明,当前驱体溶液pH为2时制得的催化剂（CrCe2）具有较高的低温SCO活性,其在200 ℃下的NO转化率高达59%。XRD,SEM,BET,UV-Vis,TPD等表征结果显示：核壳结构的生成促进了Cr物种的高分散性,同时Cr的掺杂增大了催化剂的比表面积,从而提高了活性位点的总量;在该系列催化剂中,CrCe2催化剂具有最高的表面六价铬和化学吸附氧的占比,因此呈现出最高的低温SCO活性。