废弃SCR催化剂中钒和钨的浸出及回收

采用NaOH溶液一次性浸出废弃SCR催化剂中的钒和钨,并用硫酸对浸出液进行除杂,再利用NH4Cl和硫酸分步对浸出液中的钒和钨进行沉淀回收。在NaOH质量分数40%、液固比8、浸出时间4 h、浸出温度90℃的最佳碱浸条件下,钒和钨的浸出率分别达到90.44%和84.49%。除杂过程的铝去除率达到100%,硅去除率达到77.56%。在沉钒pH为8.0、n(NH_4~+)∶n(V)为4的最佳沉钒条件下,钒回收率达到82.79%。在n(SO_4~(2-))∶n(W)为2的最佳沉钨条件下,钨回收率达到76.41%。     

整体式催化剂选择性催化氧化硫化氢

在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷基体上分两步涂覆了SiO₂和TiO₂两种涂层,再通过浸渍法制备了V₂O₅/TiO₂-SiO₂/堇青石整体式催化剂。采用BET、XRD、XRF、SEM和H₂-TPR等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并对催化剂的H₂S选择性催化氧化活性进行了评价。结果表明：V₂O₅负载量为20%（w）时,催化剂的活性最好;在反应温度180 ℃、空速3 000 h^-1、V（O₂）∶V（H₂S）=0.5的条件下,转化率达96.94%,硫产率达95.41%。在40 h的稳定性试验过程中,转化率稳定在96%左右,硫产率稳定在94%左右,催化剂的稳定性较好。与传统颗粒状催化剂相比,该整体式催化剂更具工业应用前景。     

Studies on process optimization of biodiesel production from waste cooking and palm oil

This work investigated the optimisation of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) and palm oil using a two-step transesterification process for WCO and base catalysed transesterification for palm oil. Transesterification reactions were carried out to investigate the effects of prepared catalyst CaO, methanol/WCO and methanol/palm oil ratio and temperature on the yield of biodiesel. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the best conditions for biodiesel production, using methanol/oil ratio between 4:1 and 11:1 and contact time varying between 2 and 4 h. Biodiesel yield of around 90 and 70% was obtained for palm and waste cooking oil at the methanol/oil ratios of 6:1 and 8:1 at temperature of 60 °C for reaction time of 4 h using prepared CaO as catalyst. The physicochemical properties of palm and WCO biodiesel were carried out using standard methods, while the fatty acid profile was determined using gas chromatography. The investigation concludes that biodiesel obtained from palm and waste cooking oil was within the specified limit.     

以Cu-ZSM-5为催化剂乙烯选择性催化还原烟气脱硝的试验研究

介绍了采用乙烯作为还原气体、Cu-ZSM-5为催化剂的烟气脱硝工艺流程.首先,研究了催化剂的制备方法,Na-ZSM-5分子筛作为催化剂载体,用浸渍法制成了不同负载量的Cu-ZSM-5分子筛催化剂.其次,研究了培烧条件对催化剂活性的影响,包括反应温度、气体流速以及反应气中O2的浓度等催化还原反应工艺参数.最后,研究了掺杂Ce4+离子对Cu-ZSM-5分子筛的活性影响.     

同一实验环境下炭黑燃烧催化剂活性测试及制备方法优选

催化燃烧是最有效的炭黑消除手段之一,催化剂是其中的核心,其活性的提高对催化效果优化及成本控制有重要影响.然而目前报道的大量炭黑燃烧催化剂活性测试是基于不同实验环境进行的,其结果之间缺乏比较意义.为了筛选活性优异的催化剂,并总结出催化剂活性与物理化学性质之间的关系,同时为催化过程中氧物种原位定量观测建立基础,根据易得、环...     

污水污泥低温催化热解实验研究

在实验室研究了不同热解温度下,经污泥低温热解残留物催化作用,污泥低温催化热解产物的产率及特性。结果表明,与无催化剂相比,污泥低温热解所得的液体产率、油品产率、气体产率等明显增加。油品最大产率所需温度从440℃降低至400℃,油品最大产率从20.5%增加到24.5%,油品的品质有一定的提高。     

Effect of spent engine oil on the growth parameters and chlorophyll content of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Corchorus olitorius</Emphasis> Linn

The effect of spent engine oil on the height, leaf number, leaf area, stem girth, chlorophyll, and moisture contents of Corchorus olitorius grown on 0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0% (v/w oil/soil) oil-contaminated soil was investigated. The engine oil at all concentrations delayed the germination of C. olitorius by 2 days (compared to control) and there was a general significant reduction in all the growth parameters in plants grown on contaminated soil compared to control plants. The highest leaf area of 26.8 cm² was found in the control plant and least was found in the 0.6% soil (0.11 cm²) after 3 weeks while no values were recorded on the 0.8–3.0% engine-oil-contaminated soil after 5 weeks of experiment. The highest chlorophyll content was also found in the control plant (11.5 mg/l). This showed that spent engine oil has an adverse effect on the growth of C. olitorius plant.     

The Role of Catalyst Properties on Methanol Oxidation over V2O5–TiO2 Using Ozone

Oxidation of methanol over V₂O₅ catalysts supported on anatase TiO₂ that were prepared using sol-gel formation and impregnation procedures were investigated. The effects of incorporating Mg in sol-gel to influence the properties of the catalyst were also studied. The process provides an alternative low temperature reaction pathway for reducing emissions of hazardous air pollutant (HAPs) such as methanol and total reduced sulfur compounds (TRS) from pulp and paper mills. The bulk and surface composition of the catalysts were determined by XRD and SEM-EDAX, respectively. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the vanadia–titania catalysts showed mainly the anatase phase of TiO₂. Temperature programmed desorption of methanol from the different catalyst showed that the α and β peaks differ significantly with V content and addition of Mg. The combination of gas phase and surface reactions on the V/TiO₂ catalysts reduced the amount of ozone required for high degradation of methanol to mainly CO _x with small quantities of methyl formate. In the absence of ozone the catalysts showed very low activity. It is hypothesized that the ozone is directly influencing the V⁴⁺ and V⁵⁺ redox cycle of the catalyst. Oxidation of methanol is influenced by the operation variables and catalyst properties. The results of this study revealed that the V content has significant influence on the catalyst activity, and the optimum vanadia loading of about 6 wt%. Higher turnover frequencies were observed over sol-gel catalysts than with catalysts prepared by the impregnation method.     

火电厂烟气脱硝关键技术的优化创新

燃煤烟气中的氮氧化物（NOX）脱除,国际上主要采用SCR法,但SCE催化剂制备工艺技术是制约我国脱硝技术产业化的瓶颈。对催化剂配方和成型工艺进行优化和创新研制的TZ型板式催化剂填补了国内空白。     

火电厂脱NOx用SCR催化剂种类及工程应用

介绍了SCR法脱除氮氧化物的催化剂种类,着重介绍了商业用钛基脱硝催化剂和现阶段国内脱硝催化剂的应用情况,讨论了导致催化剂中毒的各种原因,阐述了燃煤电厂应用SCR技术中对催化剂的要求。