Oxidative treatment of simulated dyehouse effluent by uv and near-UV light assisted Fenton's reagent

UV/Fenton, near-UV-visible/Fenton, dark Fenton, and H₂O₂/UV reactions have been used to treat simulated dyehouse effluents representing wastewater from the textile dyeing and rinsing process. Experiments were carried out in a lab - scale photochemical reactor using concentrations of 0.5–25 mM H₂O₂, 0.04-0.5 mM Fe²⁺-ion and different dilutions of textile wastewater. To assess the extent of mineralization, decolourization kinetics and the effect of different fight sources on treatment efficiency, DOC, optical density at 254 nm and 600 nm wavelength and residual H₂O₂ concentrations were measured during the course of the advanced oxidation reactions. Comparative evaluation of the obtained results revealed that the decolourization rate increased with applied H₂O₂ and Fe²⁺-ion dose as well as the strength of the synthetic textile wastewater. The best results were obtained by the near - UV/visible/Fenton process with a decolourization rate constant of 1.57 min⁻¹, a UV_254nm reduction of 97% and a DOC removal of 41% at relatively low doses of the H₂O₂ oxidant and Fe²⁺-ion catalyst within 60 min treatment time.     

苯甲酸生产废水的处理与资源化

为有效地回收甲苯液相氧化法生产苯甲酸的工业废水中的苯甲酸和乙酸,并配合废水生物降解的末端处理技术,研究了20%,30%和50%磷酸三丁酯(TBP)/煤油的混合溶剂、正辛醇和甲苯萃取苯甲酸稀溶液特性,以及对工业废水处理的实验.结果表明,TBP对苯甲酸稀溶液具有良好的萃取作用,而纯溶剂体系与溶剂的极性有关,正辛醇的萃取能力与30%TBP相当;残液中的COD_Cr值由萃取剂在水中的溶解和苯甲酸自身的COD_Cr值组成,其中残液中溶剂溶解导致的COD_Cr值随其中苯甲酸浓度变化不明显,且COD_Cr值的大小为:50%TBP≈30%TBP>正辛醇>20%TBP>甲苯.针对工业废水中主要含有苯甲酸和乙酸的工况,提出了废水资源化的处理工艺流程,即首先采用甲苯进行废水中苯甲酸的回收,之后,再利用三烷基氧磷/煤油为萃取剂回收废水中的醋酸,进一步生产绿色化学品乙酸钙镁盐.     

臭氧法在城市污水消毒中的应用

介绍了臭氧在水中的化学特性和消毒的基本原理,通过试验研究了臭氧在城市污水深度处理消毒中的反应过程,认为臭氧在城市污水处理二级出水中的消毒是可行的。     

合理控制UASB 改善厌氧出水水质

在UASB工艺中如何改善酒精废醪出水水质的有关问题进行了探讨 ,指出 :形成和保持沉淀性能良好的活性污泥是改善酒精废醪厌氧出水水质的根本点。并得到合理控制UASB ,发挥其最大优势的工艺思路。并且通过生产性的试验 :UASB稳定负荷率为1 2 .5kg/m3.d,处理效率稳定在 90 %以上。     

Fenton试剂催化氧化--混凝法处理焦化废水的实验研究

用Fenton试剂结合自制聚硅硫酸铝对焦化废水进行了催化氧化—混凝试验研究 ,选择了最佳的工作条件。结果表明 ,经氧化—混凝处理后废水的COD从 1 1 73mg/L降至 38.2mg/L ,去除率达 96 .7%。研究中还发现 ,Fenton试剂具有将废水的 pH值调节为 2 .5～ 3的特性 ,为该工艺实际处理焦化废水提供了科学依据     

HRT对城市污水厂尾水反硝化深度脱氮的影响

污水厂尾水回用作为水源时,其ρ(TN)较高是亟待解决的问题. 在调研污水厂尾水水质的基础上,利用MBBR(移动床生物膜反应器)对其进行深度脱氮,并考察HRT(水力停留时间)对不同填料(聚乙烯和陶粒)的MBBR运行效果的影响. 结果表明,NO₃--N是尾水中氮的主要形态,其质量浓度约占ρ(TN)的80.8%±8.4%. HRT分别为12、8和4 h时,对NO₃--N去除率影响不大,均能达到90%以上,但反硝化能力随着HRT的缩短而成倍增加;HRT为4 h时各反应器的反硝化能力最大,聚乙烯和陶粒MBBR中分别为(28.4±14.5)和(27.4±14.3)mg/(L·d)(以NO₃--N计). 随着HRT的减少,COD_Cr去除率呈降低趋势. 三维荧光分析表明,进、出水中均含有类富里酸和类蛋白质等DOM物质. HRT为8 h时MBBR对DOM的去除率最高,聚乙烯填料MBBR对有机污染物的去除效果略优于陶粒填料. 综合考虑氮和有机污染物去除效能,聚乙烯和陶粒填料MBBR优化HRT均为8 h.      

臭氧/活性炭协同作用去除二级出水中DON

为探讨臭氧氧化和活性炭吸附对城市污水厂二级出水中溶解性有机氮(DON)的去除机制,首先测定二级出水DON、溶解性有机炭(DOC)、UV254、pH值等指标.接着通过臭氧氧化试验和活性炭吸附试验来考察二级出水中DON、DOC和UV254变化,以及DON分子量分布和DON亲疏水性变化,并应用三维荧光光谱对二级出水中DON变化进行表征.结果表明,当臭氧投加量为8mg/L,DON的去除率大约为33.9%,DOC和UV254去除率约21.2%、66.7%;当活性炭投加量为2.0g/L,DON、DOC和UV254的去除率大约为43.4%、27.6%、92.2%;臭氧氧化和活性炭吸附组合试验时,对DON的去除率大约为83.3%和81.5%;臭氧氧化提高小分子量( 20kDa)的DON所占比例;活性炭吸附降低小分子量( 20kDa)DON所占比例为;臭氧氧化和活性炭吸附都提高亲水性DON所占比例,而降低疏水性和过渡性DON所占比例;三维荧光光谱证实,二级出水中DON变化与3个主要峰有关,分别代表物质为色氨酸类蛋白质、芳香族类蛋白质和富里酸类物质.     

硫酸铝渣和硫铁矿烧渣制聚硅酸硫酸铁的研究

研究硫酸铝渣和硫铁矿烧渣制聚硅酸硫酸铁的工艺流程及其主要参数.提取硫酸铝渣中的SiO2得到Na2SiO3溶液,提取硫铁矿烧渣中铁得到FeSO4结晶.用FeSO4结晶制备聚合硫酸铁.用含3.5% SiO2的Na2SiO3溶液,控制pH=4.0,制得聚硅酸,将聚合硫酸铁加入聚硅酸制得聚硅酸硫酸铁絮凝剂.红外光谱分析表明,聚硅酸硫酸铁结合了SO2-4.检测了聚硅酸硫酸铁对模拟浊水和垃圾填埋场渗滤液的絮凝效果,用铁和硅物质的量比为0.5、用量0.5 mL/L的聚硅酸硫酸铁,处理模拟浊水,除浊率可达90%以上.用铁和硅物质的量比为1.5、用量4.0 mL/L的聚硅酸硫酸铁处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液生化处理尾水,CODCr去除率可达60%.     

Biodegradation of paclobutrazol by a microbial consortium isolated from industrially contaminated sediment

Biodegradability of the plant growth retardant paclobutrazol by a microbial consortium in which Pseudomonas was the predominant strain was investigated in batch culture. The consortium which had been isolated from an industrially contaminated sediment was proven to be useful for the treatment of effluents containing paclobutrazol. Paclobutrazol was degraded by the pure isolated strain of Pseudomonas sp. as well as the microbial consortium. Paclobutrazol was utilized as the sole source of carbon and energy. Sixty percent of the paclobutrazol was degraded by the microbial consortium from an initial concentration of 54 mg L^?1 within 48 h and more than 98% of an initial concentration of 3.4 mg L^?1 was degraded within 36 h. The optimum temperature and pH were determined to be 30°C and 7.0, respectively. A pure strain of a bacterium, isolated from the enrichment culture was identified as Pseudomonas sp. The microbial consortium was tolerant of high pH and could degrade paclobutrazol faster than the pure strain. The degradation rate of this plant growth regulator in an aerobic environment was greater than that under anaerobic conditions.