江苏省旅游资源竞争力区际比较研究

从综合类、人文类、自然类3个旅游资源大类中分别选取世界遗产地、国家重点风景名胜区、中国优秀旅游城市、4A级旅游区、国家历史文化名城等11种旅游资源，采用绝对数量、人均密度、地均密度3种评价指标和位序得分法，对江苏省13个地级市的主要旅游资源进行了定量分析比较，得出13个地市旅游资源竞争力的强弱，并提出相关的旅游开发建议。     

Ordering phenomena in quasi-one-dimensional organic conductors

Low-dimensional organic conductors could establish themselves as model systems for the investigation of the physics in reduced dimensions. In the metallic state of a one-dimensional solid, Fermi liquid theory breaks down and spin and charge degrees of freedom become separated. But the metallic phase is not stable in one dimension: as the temperature is reduced, the electronic charge and spin tend to arrange themselves in an ordered fashion due to strong correlations. The competition of the different interactions is responsible for which broken-symmetry ground state is eventually realized in a specific compound and which drives the system toward an insulating state. Here, we review the various ordering phenomena and how they can be identified by optic and magnetic measurements. While the final results might look very similar in the case of a charge density wave and a charge-ordered metal, for instance, the physical cause is completely different. When density waves form, a gap opens in the density of states at the Fermi energy due to nesting of the one-dimension Fermi surface sheets. When a one-dimensional metal becomes a charge-ordered Mott insulator, on the other hand, the short-range Coulomb repulsion localizes the charge on the lattice sites and even causes certain charge patterns. We try to point out the similarities and conceptional differences of these phenomena and give an example for each of them. Particular emphasis will be put on collective phenomena that are inherently present as soon as ordering breaks the symmetry of the system.     

沉积物质量综合评价及应用证据权重法的案例分析

水体沉积物是水生生态系统重要的组成部分,沉积物污染将影响整个水生生态系统,因此有必要构建科学全面的水体沉积物质量评价方法,为环境污染修复与监管提供科学依据。已有文献报道了多种沉积物质量评价方法。其中,证据权重法通过对不同的证据进行测定与整合,弥补了传统评价方法的不足,可以对沉积物质量进行科学全面的评价。本文对证据权重法中化学分析、生物毒性和底栖生物群落结构3种证据的测量方法、赋权方法、证据整合与信息解译方法进行了系统评述,并以淡水河为例介绍了用多目标决策理想点法(TOPSIS)整合数据进行沉积物质量综合评价的方法。     

流化床微生物燃料电池基质降解动力学研究

研究了在30℃左右条件下,流化床微生物燃料电池(FBMFC)处理有机废水的基质降解动力学。在空气阴极、单室、无膜液固流化床微生物燃料电池中,以污水和椰壳活性炭为液相和固相,通过实验考察不同水力停留时间的污水COD变化。选取Monod模型和简单动力学模型,通过合理的假设推导出流化床微生物燃料电池处理模拟有机废水时的基质降解动力学模型。将实验数据代入到理论推导得到的动力学模型中,进行线性拟合和对比分析,得到Monod模型和一级反应动力学模型表达式。结果表明流化床微生物燃料电池基质降解为一级反应;Monod模型表达式为:t/s0-st=4.769 7/st+15.885,一级动力学模型为:lnCA=-0.025 32t+8.109 15,理论推导模型与实验数据具有较好的吻合性。     

催化湿式氧化处理H-酸溶液的反应动力学

两阶段一级反应动力学模型和广义动力学模型被用来描述湿式氧化 ( WAO)及催化湿式氧化 ( CWAO)反应过程 ,并确定了动力学参数 .2个模型的计算值均与实验值相符 ,而广义动力学模型相对更准确些 .2个模型均表明反应分 2个步骤 :首先是H-酸被迅速氧化成小分子有机酸 ,后者再缓慢氧化 .这 2个步骤由模型参数加以表征 ,因而模型可被用来对 CWAO催化剂进行评价 .     

产品环境试验顺序的优化选择

首先介绍了产品进行环境试验的目的及其重要性,对环境试验项目之间的相互影响及合理顺序进行了分析,并阐述了选择环境试验项目顺序所遵循的一般原则,说明在进行环境试验时,必须针对具体试验项目,注意合理的试验顺序,才能确保试验结果的真实性、代表性和可比性。     

一级动力学反应方程参数估计中若干问题的讨论

在农药的环境行为研究中,常用一级动力学反应方程来模拟农药的降解或残留。本文论述了用线性回归分析法估计一级化学动力学方程参数时存在的初始浓度飘移和非本义最优化问题,讨论了与此相关联的试验设置、安全间隔期、分段模拟和试验数据处理等问题,提出了解决问题的初步设想。     

对环境监测与环境监理运作秩序的思考

阐述了环境监测与环境管理监理之间的关系,指出建立科学合理的环境监测与环境监理运作秩序,对充分发挥各自作用,推动整个环境保护工作向科学化,规范化,法制化是具有积极意义,结合实践,提出了建立环境监测与环境监理运作秩序的思路。     

Sorption of dissolved lead from shooting range soils using hydroxyapatite amendments synthesized from industrial byproducts as affected by varying pH conditions

For immobilization technologies to be successful, the use of readily available and cost advantageous amendment is important when the remediation targets vast amounts of contaminated soils. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether the byproduct-synthesized hydroxyapatite can be used as an immobilizing amendment for dissolved Pb from a shooting range soil, and to model the kinetic data collected from dissolution experiments. A soil–solution kinetic experiment was conducted under fixed pH conditions as a function of time. A Pb-contaminated soil was reacted with various hydroxyapatite amendments to determine the dissolution rate and mineral products of soil Pb. Three types of amendments used were pure hydroxyapatite (HA), and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatites synthesized from gypsum waste (CHA), and synthesized from incinerated poultry litter (PHA). The dissolved Pb concentration decreased with the addition of amendments at pH 3–7. Both CHA and PHA were more effective than HA for attenuating Pb dissolution at pH 6 and above. According to the thermodynamic calculation at pH 6, the dissolved Pb concentration for CHA and PHA treatments was predicted to be 66% and 50% lower than that of HA treatment, respectively. A better Pb immobilization effect demonstrated by CHA and PHA resulted in their greater solubility at higher pH, which may promote the formation of chloropyromorphite precipitates. Dissolution kinetics of soil Pb was adequately explained by pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations in acid pH ranges. According to the ion exchange model, an adequate agreement between the experimental data and regression curves was shown in the initial 40 min of the reaction process, but the accuracy of model predictability decreased thereafter. According to kinetic models and dissolution phenomena, CHA and PHA amendments had better Pb sorption capacity with rapid kinetics than pure hydroxyapatite at weak acid to neutral pH.     

交通行为意识的行为控制作用

引用心理学中意识对行为的控制作用,简单描述了人的行为过程,得出行为意识对行为控制起到"总开关"的作用;指出增强交通行为意识是实现交通行为控制的有效手段;将交通行为意识分为3种,即交通安全意识、交通守法意识和交通秩序意识,依据心理学中意识建立和强化的一般方法提出了建立与增强3种交通行为意识的基本方法,包括教育、宣传、刺激、处罚、回报(包括自然回报和人为回报)及激励等6种方法。笔者提出的交通行为意识增强及激励的方法,为确保交通参与者的交通安全和进一步提高道路交通管理水平提供新的理论和方法依据。