Biosorption of uranium (VI) by immobilized Aspergillus fumigatus beads

Biosorption of uranium (VI) ions by immobilized Aspergillus fumigatus beads was investigated in a batch system. The influences of solution pH, biosorbent dose, U (VI) concentration, and contact time on U (VI) biosorption were studied. The results indicated that the adsorption capacity was strongly affected by the solution pH, the biosorbent dose and initial U (VI) concentration. Optimum biosorption was observed at pH 5.0, biosrobent dose (w/v) 2.5%, initial U (VI) concentration 60 mg L⁻¹. Biosorption equilibrium was established in 120 min. The adsorption process conformed to the Freunlich and Temkin isothermal adsorption models. The dynamic adsorption model conformed to pseudo-second order model.     

锦标机制理论下企业低碳经济发展激励机制研究

按照企业发展与环境相容的原则,低碳经济是应对全球变暖的最佳经济模式,低碳经济以低能耗、低排放、低污染为基本特征,以应对碳基能源对于气候变暖影响为基本要求,以实现经济社会的可持续发展为基本目的.鉴于当前文献关于企业发展低碳经济的激励机制研究还略显不足,文章借鉴激励理论中的委托代理理论,根据Malcomson模型的研究方法,构建了包括1阶段合约和2阶段合约的企业发展低碳经济的激励机制框架,设立基于相对业绩的"锦标机制"模型并对模型进行系统分析,推导出政府在制定企业发展低碳经济激励政策时的注意事项,即中央政府要加大财政转移支付力度,支持地方发展低碳经济;地方政府要设立专门的低碳经济发展激励基金,并纳入财政预算管理;地方政府在激励企业发展低碳经济时,要有层次、有针对的对企业给予政策支持或财政补贴,形成阶梯式的支持结构,使有限财政资金得到合理配置;地方政府应该以区域内企业实施低碳经济活动的努力水平为评判标准对企业进行激励.     

3种基质对污水中总磷的吸附性能

以粒径为2～5 mm的无烟煤、活性炭和草炭3种基质为实验材料进行吸附等温线和吸附动力学实验,探讨和对比3种基质对污水中总磷的吸附性能,选用吸附效果最好的无烟煤作为玻璃柱的填料模拟土壤渗滤系统.结果表明,3种填料基质对总磷的吸附均符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温线方程,通过拟合方程得出无烟煤、活性炭和草炭的最大静态吸附量分别为1.249、0.254和0.716 mg/g;用一级动力学方程拟合3种填料基质对总磷的吸附反应过程较好,相关系数都在0.900以上,无烟煤、活性炭和草炭吸附速率分别为0.025、0.023和0.014 mg/(g·h),其中经无烟煤处理过的污水,出水最清澈;在模拟土壤渗滤系统实验中,当进水浓度为3.43～8.43 mg/L,水力负荷为0.08 m3/(m2·d)时,出水中总磷平均浓度为0.08 mg/L,满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中的一级A标准,对总磷的去除率高达96.48％ ～ 99.19％.     

Effect of organic matter and pH on mercury release from soils

An investigation was conducted on the effect of organic matter(OM)and pH on mercury(Hg)release from soils.Hg release flux was measured using the dynamic flux chamber(DFC)combined with the Lumex multifunctional mercury analyzer in both laboratory experiment and field monitoring.The results showed that Hg emission from the OM-added soils was apparently low because of the high affinity of OM to Hg,resulting in the reverse order as the amount of OM addition.Meanwhile,Hg release flux from different pH value soils exhibited the same trend for both Hg~(2 )and Hg_2~(2 )treatment,increasing the Hg flux with pH value of soils increasing.The trend of Hg release in the pH dependence experiment has been well in agreement with that from the field test.In addition,Hg release seemed to be related to its species in the soil,the flux from Hg~(2 )-added soil was obviously higher than that of Hg_2~(2 )-added soil by the laboratory experiment.     

四钛酸钾晶须对亚甲基蓝吸附性能研究

利用四钛酸钾晶须作为吸附剂,研究了亚甲基蓝在其上的吸附行为,考察了吸附体系pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间对其吸附效果的影响.实验结果表明,四钛酸钾晶须对亚甲基蓝有较强的吸附力,得到的吸附等温线能较好的符合Freundlich方程,其R2都能达到0.991以上,吸附动力学可以用拟二级动力学模型描述.在碱性范围内四钛酸钾晶须...     

TiO2/Ag modified penta-bismuth hepta-oxide nitrate and its adsorption performance for azo dye removal

A modified hydrophilic penta-bismuth hepta-oxide nitrate (Bi₅O₇NO₃) surface was synthesized via a precipitation method using TiO₂ and Ag as modified agents. The synthesized product was characterized by different analytical techniques. The removal efficiency was evaluated using mono-and di-sulphonated azo dyes as model pollutants. Different kinetic, isotherm and diffusion models were chosen to describe the adsorption process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results revealed no noticeable differences in the chemical states of modified adsorbent when compared to pure Bi₅O₇NO₃;however, the presence of hydrophilic centres such as TiO₂ and Ag developed positively charged surface groups and improved its adsorption performance to a wide range of azo dyes. Dyes removal was found to be a function of adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, solution pH and temperature. The reduction of Langmuir 1,2-mixed order kinetics to the second or first-order kinetics could be successfully used to describe the adsorption of dyes onto the modified adsorbent. Mass transfer can be described by intra-particle diffusion at a certain stage, but it was not the rate limiting step that controlled the adsorption process. Homogenous behavior of adsorbent surface can be explored by applying Langmuir isotherm to fit the adsorption data.     

基于改进风险矩阵法的配气站地震事件序列分析

为了对天然气配气站进行抗震安全评估,以某天然气配气站为研究对象,通过分析地震事件序列,建立风险矩阵模型,研究系统失效原因及失效概率,评估事件发生后果.结果表明:事件C5,C6风险值相对较低,分别为18.75和15.24;风险矩阵模型能有效减小尖锐边界影响,为配气站采取抗震措施提供理论依据.     

SOME SIMPLE MODELS FOR CONTINUOUS VARIATE TIME SERIES1

ABSTRACT: A survey is given of recently developed models for continuous variate non–Gaussian time series. The emphasis is on marginally specific models with given correlation structure. Exponential, Gamma, Weibull, Laplace, Beta and Mixed Exponential models are considered for the marginal distributions of the stationary time series. Most of the models are random coefficient, additive linear models. Some discussion of the meaning of autoregression and linearity is given, as well as suggestions for higher–order linear residual analysis for non–Gaussian models.     

“部分排序”在环境比较评价中的应用实例

将运筹学中“部分排序”的概念引入对污染物的环境影响比较评价中,以环境中常见的10种残留农药为应用实例,用Hasse图表示出比较评价的结果。和普遍排序技术相比,部分排序的评价结果简明直观、合理、可靠。Hasse图技术充分考虑了所要评价的各方面因素,避免了在普遍排序过程中由于确定评价模型中的权值而带来的主观因素的影响。     

用密切值法进行海域有机污染物优先排序和风险分类研究

将密切值法应用于大连湾海域有机污染物优先排序和风险分类研究是一种新的尝试 ,首先将大连湾海域有机污染物各评价指标 (污染物的毒性、在环境中的暴露情况和在水环境中的迁移转化 )的极端情况组成最优和最劣样本 ,再求可综合反映与最优和最劣样本距离两者水平的参数—密切值 ,并根据各污染物最优 (劣 )密切值的大小进行排序 ,根据最优 (劣 )密切值的突变来进行分类分析。实例计算结果表明 ,密切值法用于海域有机污染物优先排序和风险分类切实可行 ,而且不需要确定隶属函数、白化函数等主观参量或函数 ,评价结果更客观和可靠。