钝顶螺旋藻固定模拟烟道气中的CO_2

研究了钝顶螺旋藻对模拟烟道气中CO2的固定性能,及其对NOx和SOx水溶形态亚硝态氮、亚硫酸氢根的耐受性。结果显示：随CO2浓度的增加,藻细胞达到最大比生长速率的时间缩短,CO2浓度为15%时藻细胞比生长速率达到最大的时间最短,生物量最终达到最大值4.1 g/L;CO2浓度为15%时藻细胞的固碳率为12.34 mg/（L·h）。研究发现,钝顶螺旋藻能够耐受浓度小于10 mmol/L的亚硝态氮,可将其作为钝顶螺旋藻生长的唯一氮源,但藻生长的延迟期增长。钝顶螺旋藻能够耐受8 mmol/L的亚硫酸氢盐,可将其作为生长的唯一硫源,藻细胞6 d后开始快速增长。     

初始氨氮浓度对钝顶螺旋藻生长及其去除率的影响

螺旋藻是一种经济价值很高的微藻,研究氨氮对钝顶螺旋藻生长及其去除水中氨氮效率的影响,探讨其在废水处理中的可行性具有重要意义。结果表明,以硫酸铵作为氮源时,钝顶螺旋藻的对数期一般在4～6 d,随着氨氮浓度的升高对数期略有提前。钝顶螺旋藻对硫酸氨的耐受浓度为0.5 g/L,相应的氨氮浓度为106 mg/L。培养4～6 d时氨氮浓度下降幅度最大,培养结束时氨氮去除率为67.7%～82.5%,当硫酸铵投加量为0.4 g/L时,氨氮去除率最高,达82.6%。因此,螺旋藻可用于去除废水中的氨氮,具有很好的应用前景。     

酚类化合物的生物吸附特征与其结构关系

选用经处理过的盐泽螺旋藻为吸附剂,研究其对10种酚类化合物的吸附行为。结果表明：盐泽螺旋藻对苯酚、邻苯二酚、对苯二酚、邻氨基酚、对氯酚和2,4-二氯酚6种酚均有不同程度的吸附,用Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温方程描述时,均呈现良好的线性关系;该6种酚的吸附常数k的对数值与其分子连接性指数（²X^v）呈良好的线性关系;盐泽螺旋藻对其余4种酚（邻甲酚、间羟基酚、间氨基酚、间乙酰氨基酚）均不产生吸附。     

高强度Te(IV)胁迫对极大螺旋藻生理生化性质的影响

对极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)在接种后第3～5 d分3次添加Na2TeO3,4个Te胁迫组的累计加Te量分别为650、750、850和950 mg/L.结果表明:4个Te胁迫组螺旋藻的最终生物量、水溶性蛋白、藻蓝蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白的含量均低于对照组,且随Te胁迫强度增加而逐渐减少;而SOD的比活力均高于对照组,但随Te胁迫强度增加也呈逐渐减少趋势;Te(IV)胁迫没有改变螺旋藻中脂溶性色素的组成,但各色素的含量也随Te胁迫强度增加而下降;胞外多糖含量随Te胁迫强度增加而增加,但950 mg/L实验组(第9 dxTe(IV)为2.21),胞外多糖的含量反而下降.     

利用餐厨中水培养钝顶螺旋藻

为了降低钝顶螺旋藻的培养成本,采用经厌氧-好氧技术处理后的餐厨垃圾中水,进行了钝顶螺旋藻培养实验,研究了利用经技术处理后的餐厨中水培养高价值钝顶螺旋藻的可行性。结果表明：在批次培养实验中,餐厨中水经过合适的稀释倍数后能够实现钝顶螺旋藻的培养,当餐厨中水稀释6倍灭菌培养时可获得最大生物量为1.314 g·L-1,且餐厨中水灭菌与否对钝顶螺旋藻培养无明显生物量差异;光生物反应器培养实验中,钝顶螺旋藻在稀释6倍且未经过灭菌的餐厨中水中可正常生长繁殖,获得的最大生物量为1.129 g·L-1。在实验培养过程中,培养液pH值维持在9.0~9.3,DO值为7.0~8.6 mg·L-1;培养周期结束时,培养液中氨氮被全部利用,总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）分别利用了24.401和0.957 mg·L-1。     

Protective effect of Spirulina platensis against aluminium-induced nephrotoxicity and DNA damage in rats

The protective effect of Spirulina platensis (SP) powder against aluminium-induced nephrotoxicity and DNA damage in rats was studied. Male rats receiving daily 40 mg/kg b.wt. aluminium chloride (AlCl₃) orally had increased serum levels of urea and creatinine, up regulated kidney injury molecule-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 genes, down regulated catalase and glutathione peroxidase genes, and increased all parameters of kidney DNA damage using comet assay. Treatment with SP alleviated all AlCl₃-induced effects of toxicity, especially when the animals were pre-treated.     

啤酒酵母菌,盐泽螺旋藻对重金属离子的吸附研究

研究了经一定步骤处理过的啤酒酵母菌的盐泽螺旋藻对Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋的吸附行为。结果表明：啤酒酵母力和盐泽螺旋藻对３种重金属离子都有显著吸附，其中盐泽螺旋藻的吸附强度和最大吸附量均明显大于啤酒酵母菌，且对Ｃｄ＾２＋的吸附能力更为突出，其最大吸附量达每克干生物体３１２ｍｇ。     

硒胁迫螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)集落形成及富硒稳定性

探讨在琼脂糖半固体培养基中硒胁迫螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis,SP)集落形成及其富硒稳定性.培养基中添加亚硒酸钠,硒含量分别为2.5mmolL-1、5mmolL-1和10mmolL-1,培养并观察螺旋藻集落形成,挑取藻集落进行富硒培养,多次转种后,测定生长率、硒含量,筛选稳定的富硒螺旋藻.从含硒5mmolL-1的培养皿中挑选12个典型藻丝集落接种培养,发现其中6个生长率达到对照的80%,有两个藻集落(编号为SP0803和SP0809)硒含量较高,干藻硒含量分别为ρ(Se)=924μg/g和ρ(Se)=831μg/g,连续3次转种培养,藻体含硒量保持稳定.以上结果表明,利用琼脂糖半固体培养基进行微藻集落培养是可行的,并成功筛选到富硒螺旋藻.图3表2参12     

钝顶螺旋藻处理氨氮废水的研究

螺旋藻是一种营养丰富的新型保健食品，利用含氮废水为培养基，研究螺旋藻以NH4－N的处理效率，着重探讨利用生活污水培养螺旋藻的可行性，及其对生活污水的处理效果。研究证明，在NH4－N浓度小于40.0mg/L时，其对NH4－N的去除率最大，可达93％左右。在体积百分比生活污水为80％时，添加NaHCO38mg/L，对NH4－N的去除率达91.8%。同时对螺旋藻化学组分及含铁、锌、锰、铜、硒进行分析，生活污水培养螺旋藻，其所含有机物和氮源，可供螺旋藻生长繁殖，使废水资源化，并减少环境污染；藻粉可作为饲料添加剂，是使废水变为蛋白源的有效途径。     

Arsenic methylation by an arsenite S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase from Spirulina platensis

Arsenic-contaminated water is a serious hazard for human health. Plankton plays a critical role in the fate and toxicity of arsenic in water by accumulation and biotransformation.Spirulina platensis(S. platensis), a typical plankton, is often used as a supplement or feed for pharmacy and aquiculture, and may introduce arsenic into the food chain, resulting in a risk to human health. However, there are few studies about how S. platensis biotransforms arsenic. In this study, we investigated arsenic biotransformation by S. platensis. When exposed to arsenite(As(Ⅲ)), S. platensis accumulated arsenic up to 4.1 mg/kg dry weight.After exposure to As(Ⅲ), arsenate(As(Ⅴ)) was the predominant species making up 64% to86% of the total arsenic. Monomethylarsenate(MMA(Ⅴ)) and dimethylarsenate(DMA(Ⅴ))were also detected. An arsenite S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase from S. platensis(Sp Ars M) was identified and characterized. Sp Ars M showed low identity with other reported Ars M enzymes. The Escherichia coli AW3110 bearing Spars M gene resulted in As(Ⅲ) methylation and conferring resistance to As(Ⅲ). The in vitro assay showed that Sp Ars M exhibited As(Ⅲ) methylation activity. DMA(Ⅴ) and a small amount of MMA(Ⅴ) were detected in the reaction system within 0.5 hr. A truncated Sp Ars M derivative lacking the last 34 residues still had the ability to methylate As(Ⅲ). The three single mutants of Sp Ars M(C59S, C186 S, and C238S) abolished the capability of As(Ⅲ) methylation, suggesting the three cysteine residues are involved in catalysis. We propose that Sp Ars M is responsible for As methylation and detoxification of As(Ⅲ) and may contribute to As biogeochemistry.