Rhodococcus sp. T3-1菌株降解乙草胺的特性

以乙草胺为唯一碳源,通过摇瓶培养研究了Rhodococcus sp.T3-1对乙草胺的降解特性.结果表明,菌株T3-1降解乙草胺的最适温度为37℃,且其在pH值6~10的范围内对100mg/L乙草胺的降解率均在96%~97%之间.该菌株在接种量为5%条件下,14h内可将200mg/L的乙草胺降解95.5%;乙草胺的降解速率与乙草胺初始浓度呈负相关,与菌株T3-1的初始接种量呈正相关.菌株T3-1还可以降解丁草胺,但不能降解丙草胺、异丙草胺和吡草胺.     

Assessment of phenol-degrading ability of Acinetobacter sp. B9 for its application in bioremediation of phenol-contaminated industrial effluents

Successful bioremediation of a phenol-contaminated environment requires application of those microbial strains that have acquired phenol tolerance and phenol-degrading abilities. A newly isolated strain B9 of Acinetobacter sp. was adapted to a high phenol concentration by growing sequentially from low- to high-strength phenol. The acclimatised strain was able to grow and completely degrade up to 14?mM of phenol in 136?h. The degradation rates were found to increase with an increase in the phenol concentration from 2.0 to 7.5?mM. The strain preferred neutral to alkaline pH range for growth and phenol degradation, with the optimum being pH 8.0. The optimum temperature for phenol degradation was found to be in the range of 30–35°C. Transmission electron micrographs showed a disorganised and convoluted cell membrane in the case of phenol-stressed cells, showing a major effect of phenol on the membrane. Enzymatic and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies show the presence of an ortho-cleavage pathway for phenol degradation. Efficient phenol degradation was observed even in the presence of pyridine and heavy metals as co-toxicants showing the potential of strain in bioremediation of industrial wastes. Application of strain B9 to real tannery wastewater showed 100% removal of initial 0.5?mM phenol within 48?h of treatment.     

二氯喹啉酸降解菌HN36的分离、鉴定及降解特性研究

从生产二氯喹啉酸农药厂的污水处理池污泥中分离到1株二氯喹啉酸降解菌,命名为HN36。根据表型特征、生理生化特性和16SrDNA序列系统发育分析,鉴定为博德特氏菌属(Bordetellasp.)。该菌可以利用二氯喹啉酸作为唯一碳源和能源进行生长,二氯喹啉酸质量浓度为400mg/L时,48 h降解率为96.2%。降解二氯喹啉酸的最适pH值为7,最适温度为30℃,初始接种量在一定范围内(1.5%~5%)与降解率呈正相关。二氯喹啉酸初始质量浓度在100~400 mg/L时,降解效果较好。菌株HN36还能利用喹啉、苯酚、邻苯二酚和邻苯二甲酸进行生长,但不能利用萘和1,2-二氯苯。     

镍对栅藻深度处理生活污水的影响研究

将栅藻包埋固定在海藻酸钙凝胶珠中,对人工污水进行深度净化,研究其在不同质量浓度Ni2+条件下对污水中氨氮和正磷酸盐的净化效率,以及净化过程中藻类叶绿素a质量浓度、过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化和去污过程中藻细胞富集Ni2+的情况。结果表明,低质量浓度Ni2+可引起藻细胞应激性反应,光合活性提高,解毒机制增强,未影响氨氮和正磷酸盐的净化效率;高质量浓度Ni2+会造成藻细胞伤害,光合活性减弱,POD活性下降,氨氮和正磷酸盐的净化效率减小。Ni2+对栅藻深度处理生活污水影响程度依据其在水体中的质量浓度。     

鞘氨醇单胞菌USTB-05对微囊藻毒素的生物降解

研究了云南滇池水华蓝藻细胞中微囊藻毒素(MCs)的分析和鞘氨醇单胞菌USTB-05在细胞水平和酶水平下对MC-YR、RR和LR的生物降解.结果表明,云南滇池水华蓝藻细胞中MC-YR、RR和LR的含量分别为0.16, 0.96, 0.47mg/g.在初始浓度分别为19.5mg/L MC-YR、79.5mg/L MC-RR和43.6mg/L MC-LR下,鞘氨醇单胞菌USTB-05在2d内可将上述3种MCs全部降解,鞘氨醇单胞菌USTB-05粗酶液可以以更快的速率对MC-YR、MC-RR和MC-LR进行高效酶催化降解,在10h内可以将初始浓度分别为14.8mg/L MC-YR、28.4mg/L MC-RR和19.5mg/L MC-LR全部降解.同时发现了MC-YR降解过程中的2个中间和1个最终代谢产物.     

氮磷限制条件下螺旋鱼腥藻产生土嗅素特征研究

采用批量培养的方法研究了螺旋鱼腥藻在氮限制和磷限制条件下生长与土嗅素的产生特征.在磷限制条件下螺旋鱼腥藻的生长速率降低,不易生成异形胞;而在氮限制下鱼腥藻生长良好,并生成异形胞,异形胞形成的比例为3.5%~4.4%.在磷限制和氮限制条件下,单位细胞土嗅素的浓度在培养的前20d内都处于急速下降的趋势,之后开始趋于平缓,分别维持在3.18×10-5,3.68×10-5ng/cell左右.氮限制条件下螺旋鱼腥藻单位细胞土嗅素的生成量略高于磷限制条件下.氮限制条件下,螺旋鱼腥藻单位细胞叶绿素a的生成量高于磷限制条件下.螺旋鱼腥藻单位细胞产生的土嗅素与叶绿素a的质量比(geosmin/Chl a)在磷限制条件下要高于氮限制条件下.     

固定化枝孢霉对铜离子的生物吸附

对固定化枝孢霉(Cladosporiumsp.)吸附Cu2+进行了研究,结果表明,当海藻酸钙浓度为3%,CaCl2浓度为4%,菌量为15%(V:V)时,包埋制得的固定化小球具有较好的机械性能和较高的吸附量。并考察了不同因素如接触反应时间,溶液的pH,温度对生物吸附的影响,结果表明:生物吸附平衡时间为3h左右,固定化空白小球和活菌的最佳pH值分别为3.5和4.0,在15℃～45℃的温度范围内,温度对吸附量变化有一定的影响。在一定浓度范围(30～500mg/L)内,生物吸附随浓度的增加而增加,Langmuir型吸附模式较好描述Cu2+在固定化小球的吸附实验数据,其线性回归系数高达0.99,HCl、HNO3、柠檬酸都是有效的解吸剂,解吸吸附后的海藻酸钙小球,解吸率都在92%以上,其中以硝酸的解吸效果为最好。     

Effects of glucose dehydrogenase gene knock-out in Acetobacter sp. On the metabolism of carbon sources and the synthesis of 3-hydroxypropionic acid北大核心CSCD

3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is an emerging platform chemical with a high added-value. Resting cells of Acetobacter sp. can efficiently catalyze 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) to 3-HP. Glucose is oxidized by the membrane-bound dehydrogenase, resulting in an acidic environment that inhibits cell growth and reduces the biomass. We deleted the gdh gene for glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and investigated the effects on cell growth, carbon metabolism, and 3-HP production. The gdh gene knocked-out showed a 1.72-fold increase in biomass in the mixed medium containing glucose and glycerol. A carbon flux analysis showed that glucose was converted to gluconic acid by GDH, followed by an oxidation to 2-ketogluconic acid. In addition, a small percentage of the gluconic acid was degraded via the pentose phosphate pathway. Glycerol was phosphorylated and entered the central pathway (gluconeogenesis). Results indicate that the deletion of gdh can effectively promote higher cell densities and improve the catalytic performance for the production of 3-HP, and thus provide a theoretical reference for improving the carbon source utilization and the catalytic performance of acetic acid bacteria. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Isolation,identification, and the degradation characteristics of a thiobencarb-degrading bacterium Bacillus sp. T2北大核心CSCD

Thiobencarb, a thiocarbamate herbicide, is widely used to control weeds in rice paddies. Screening for highly efficient thiobencarb-degrading bacteria is important for the bioremediation of thiobencarb-contaminated environments. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify highly efficient thiobencarb-degrading bacteria and to identify the degradation pathway and the degrading properties. The thiobencarb-degrading strain was isolated using methods of microbiological acclimation and enrichment and was then identified using a 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. The degrading properties of the isolated bacterium were determined by single-factor experiments, and the degradation products were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A thiobencarb-degrading strain T2, which can utilize thiobencarb as the sole source of carbon for energy and growth, was isolated from paddy soil. Strain T2 degraded more than 98.3% of 0.4 mmol/L of thiobencarb within 36 h. It was preliminarily identified as Bacillus sp. T2 according to the 16S rRNA gene analysis and from its morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The metabolic products of the thiobencarb degradation for strain T2 were identified as 4-chlorobenzyl mercaptan, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, and 4-chlorobenzoic acid by the GC-MS. Based on metabolite identification, it was speculated that thiobencarb degradation in strain T2 was initiated by the hydrolysis of the thioester bond to produce 4-chlorobenzyl mercaptan, which was further oxidized to 4-chlorobenzaldehyde and 4-chlorobenzoic acid. The thiobencarb degradation that was initiated by the hydrolysis of the thioester bond by strain T2 is a new metabolic pathway, which provides valuable research material and reliable experimental data for revealing the metabolic process and mechanism of thiobencarb microbial degradation in soil. The strain Bacillus sp. T2 has a very high degradation efficiency, suggesting it is a good prospect for microbial remediation in thiobencarb-polluted environments. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

红球菌-R04生物降解多卤代联苯的影响因素研究

研究了不同取代元素以及取代元素的数量、位置等因素对 Rhodococcus sp. R04降解多卤代联苯的影响.结果表明,联苯苯环第4位上的氢分别被氟、氯、溴以及甲基基团取代后降解率由高到低依次为4-FB>4-CB34-MB>4-BrB;当取代元素相同时,随着取代原子数目的增加,多卤代联苯降解率降低;当取代元素及取代原子数目相同时,不同位置的取代对卤代联苯的降解影响较大,特别是2,6位取代会强烈抑制关键酶对卤代联苯的催化降解,导致降解率降低.