Isolation,identification, and acetochlor-degrading potential of a novel Rhodococcus sp. MZ-3

A new species of Rhodococcus, designated strain MZ-3, which could degrade acetochlor efficiently were isolated and identified. The isolate could degrade and utilize acetochlor as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy for growth. The optimal conditions for the degradation and growth of MZ-3 were pH 7.0 and 30°C. Under these conditions, this strain could completely degrade 200 mg/L of acetochlor within 12 h of incubation. During the biodegradation process, the enantioselectivity of the strain was investigated using a chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. However, no obvious enantioselectivities were found. 2-chloro-N-(2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl) acetamide (CMEPA) was detected as the intermediate using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses. Our results suggest that strain MZ-3 might be a promising microorganism for the bioremediation of acetochlor-contaminated environments because of its acetochlor-degrading performance.     

好氧砷还原菌对吸附态砷迁移转化的影响

利用静态和动态土柱实验初步研究了好氧砷还原菌Bacillus sp.SXB在砷迁移转化过程中的作用。结果表明,在静态实验中,菌株SXB可以有效还原吸附在针铁矿上的五价砷;在动态土柱实验中,由于原土中砷是以三价砷形式存在,因此,不论是空白对照还是菌株SXB加入处理,出水中砷均为三价砷;当孔隙体积大于100时,铁的溶出开始增加。菌株SXB的加入,轻微地促进了土壤中砷的释放,而对铁的释放并没有明显影响。     

两株氢噬胞菌的萘降解特性分析

对两株分离自内蒙古乌梁素海的氢噬胞菌X32和X12的培养条件和萘降解特性进行研究。实验结果表明:菌株X32和X12的最适生长pH为7.0,最适生长温度为30~35℃,最适盐度w(NaCl)为1%;当初始萘质量浓度为3 500 mg/L时,对数生长期的菌株X32对萘的降解活性可达53.9 nmol/(mg·min),而菌株X12可达34.8 nmol/(mg·min);菌株X32在培养48 h后进入稳定期,60 h时萘降解率达91.43%;菌株X12在培养60 h后进入稳定期,90 h时萘降解率达93.93%。氢噬胞菌X32和X12是两株具有较高应用价值的多环芳烃降解细菌。     

Performance evaluation of isoproturon-degrading indigenous bacterial isolates in soil microcosm

Isoproturon (IPU)-degrading soil bacteria were isolated from herbicide-applied wheat fields. These isolates were identified using cultural, morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA sequencing methods. 16S rRNA sequences of both the bacterial isolates were compared with NCBI GenBank data base and identified as Bacillus pumilus and Pseudoxanthomonas sp. A soil microcosm study was carried out for 40 days in six different treatments. Experimental results revealed maximum 95.98% IPU degradation in treatment 6 where bacterial consortia were augmented in natural soil, followed by 91.53% in treatment 5 enriched with organic manure as an additional carbon source. However, only 14.03% IPU was degraded in treatment 1 (control) after 40 days. In treatments (2–4), 75.59%, 70.92% and 77.32% IPU degradation was recorded, respectively. IPU degradation in all the treatments varied significantly over the control. 4-Isopropylaniline was detected as IPU degradation by-product in the medium. The study confirmed that B. pumilus and Pseudoxanthomonas sp. performed effectively in soil microcosms and could be employed profitably for field-scale bioremediation experiments.     

滏阳河河流水体中重金属污染特征及其对青海弧菌和斜生栅藻的毒性效应

为调查滏阳河水系的重金属污染状况,研究河流重金属污染对水生生物的毒性,根据河流结构、水文条件、排污口分布并考虑空间分布的均匀性,选取66个采样位点,采集河水及对应的表层沉积物样品,分析了样品中的重金属含量。用斜生栅藻和青海弧菌Q67作为模式生物,根据滏阳河水重金属污染较严重的邯郸近郊2号采样点采集水样的重金属含量配制系列重金属浓度的模拟河水进行重金属污染河水的生态毒性测试。结果表明,在全部66个采样点中,29个采样点河水重金属含量超过国家地表水III类水体重金属含量标准,主要污染元素是Hg、Pb、Cr、Zn。几乎所有采样点河水Mn和Fe含量都大大高于国家集中式生活饮用水地表水源地补充项目规定的标准限值。根据2号采样点河水样品中的重金属含量配成的模拟河水对青海弧菌Q67的EC₅₀值为6.65%,为毒性极强的污染物。模拟河水样品对斜生栅藻的抑制作用较小,在实验的最高浓度下(1000倍河水重金属含量)暴露4 d尚未引起半数藻细胞死亡。随河水重金属浓度上升,斜生栅藻超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性总体上呈现先升高后降低的趋势,丙二醛(MDA)含量变化则与此相反,反映河水重金属污染可引起藻细胞的氧化损伤。叶绿素a和b含量则随暴露浓度的提高逐渐降低。在重金属浓度达到2号采样点河水的10%时,斜生栅藻叶绿素a含量已有显著降低,MDA含量显著升高,海河流域重金属污染对生态系统的影响应予以重视。河水发光菌Q67的生长抑制率、斜生栅藻的叶绿素a和MDA含量可以作为评估河流重金属污染生态危害的指标。     

氯氰菊酯降解菌CY22-7的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

从采集的多种土壤样品中.获得了19株在3种筛选平板上均生长良好的候选氯氰菊酯降解菌.通过生理生化特性鉴定和16S rDNA序列的测定及比对.将其中的氯氰菊酯降解菌CY22-7鉴定为中华根瘤菌属(Sinorhizobium sp.).同时,对氯氰菊酯降解菌CY22-7的降解特性研究结果表明:(1)氯氰菊酯降解菌CY22-7以5%(体积分数)的接种鼍接种到氯氰菊酯起始质量浓度为100 mg/L的氯氰菊酯乙醇培养基后,于200 r/min、30℃摇床中培养.经过6 d的培养,氯氰菊酯降解菌CY22-7降解了约60%的氯氰菊酯.(2)加人外源营养物质有利于促进氯氰菊酯的降解.其中,葡萄糖和酵母提取物的促进作用最为明显.(3)氯氰菊酯降解菌CY22-7降解氯氰菊酯的最适温度为30℃,最佳pH为6.0.     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及其絮凝特性

采用常规的微生物学方法,从垃圾渗滤液中筛选到一株高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌LB1,根据其形态学和生理生化特征初步鉴定该菌株属于假单胞菌属,命名为Pseudonomas sp. LB1。LB1所产微生物絮凝剂的絮凝特性的研究结果表明,LB1的最佳产絮凝时间为96 h,所产絮凝活性物质主要是其生长过程中的胞外分泌物和细胞生长后期的次级代谢产物,菌体细胞本身具有一定的助凝作用。LB1所产絮凝剂最佳加样量为3％（体积分数V/V）;对pH的适应范围较宽,在4～10之间具有较高的絮凝活性,均大于75％;温度为25℃时絮凝率为86.3％,在25～60℃之间,絮凝率基本保持稳定;LB1所产絮凝剂对几种废水具有较好的絮凝效果。     

萘降解质粒pND6的分离和鉴定

从工业废水中分离的假单胞菌 (Pseudomonassp .)ND6菌株 ,能以萘为唯一碳源生长 ,使无机盐培养基(MM)中 2g/L的萘在 48h内降解 98% .该菌株含有一个 115kb的大质粒pND6 .DNA杂交实验表明 ,pND6质粒含有与恶臭假单胞菌 (P .putida)G7菌株的NAH7质粒同源的萘降解基因 .图 3表 1参 14     

理化因子对集胞藻PCC6803溶血素溶血活性的影响

研究了保存温度以及添加稳定剂、氧化剂、还原剂、螯合剂和金属离子对集胞藻(Synechocystis sp. PCC6803)野生型菌株产生的溶血素的溶血活性的影响.结果表明,该溶血素在提取初始仅具有较低的溶血活性,但在提取3～6 d后,溶血活性急剧升高,之后随保存时间延长逐渐降低.-20 ℃低温保存有利于该溶血素活性的维持.添加半胱氨酸盐酸盐、牛血清白蛋白和血红蛋白都能提高其溶血活性,可以作为该溶血素的稳定剂;氧化剂H₂O₂能显著提高其溶血活性,而还原剂β-巯基乙醇、二硫苏糖醇显著抑制其溶血活性,说明该溶血素为非巯基依赖型溶血素.金属离子Ca2+,Co2+,Fe3+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Mn2+和Mg2+均会抑制其溶血活性,仅Zn2+能增加其溶血活性,金属螯合剂EDTA也能增强其溶血活性.      

高效降酚菌株Ochrobactrum sp. CH10生长动力学和苯酚降解特性的研究

菌株Ochrobactrum sp. CH10是从北京元大都城垣遗址处的人工湿地筛选到的高效苯酚降解菌.以苯酚为唯一碳源和能源对其进行了生长和苯酚降解特性的研究.该菌生长和降解苯酚的适宜条件为30℃、初始pH 7.0、接种量为5%.在该条件下,初始苯酚浓度为400 mg·L-1,24 h时苯酚完全被降解;初始苯酚浓度为900 mg·L-1时,44 h的降解率为92.3%;初始苯酚浓度为1 000 mg·L-1,48 h时的降解率为82.2%.对该菌株苯酚降解动力学过程进行模拟,符合基质抑制型的Haldane模型,各参数分别为:υmax(最大比降解速率)0.126 h-1,KS(半饱和常数)23.53 mg·L-1,KI(抑制常数)806.1 mg·L-1.该菌在苯酚中的生长动力学符合Andrews模型,表现出与苯酚降解相似的趋势.该菌为目前所发现的Ochrobactrum菌属中苯酚降解能力最强的菌株.该菌株在高效处理含酚废水方面具有广阔的应用前景.