烟台四十里湾营养物质产生特征及影响分析

2004年5月3日至10日,烟台四十里湾养殖区发生了由棕囊藻、夜光藻剧增而引发的赤潮,此前,在1998年8月中旬至9月中旬,该湾约五十平方公里的近岸海域,也曾发生了红色裸甲藻剧增而引发的赤潮。暴发赤潮的条件仍可认为是丰富的营养物质基础和适宜的环境条件。初步分析结果表明,赤潮形成所必须的营养物质主要是养殖粪便及其废弃物提供的,其次是陆岸生活污水提供的;环境条件是风、雨引起了水体扰动;雨过天晴水温偏高;大雨造成海水盐度降低;养殖过密,海流不畅对污染物扩散不利。     

Use of Azotobacter sp.as an indicator to detect the toxicity of heavy metals in soils

A physiological strain of microorganism - Azotobacter sp. has been adopted as an indicator to detect the toxicity of heavy metals in soils. The concentration of heavy metals to which Azotobacter sp. was behaving initially to have the resistance to heavy metals is defined as the critical poisoning concentration. The method of physiological threshold adopted can have a quantitative determination with reproducible results. The determined critical poisoning concentration is basically consistent with the results of heavy metals and arsenic toxicities to the bacteria reported recently in literatures. Total 9 typical soils, including 6 zonal soils and 3 purple soils, in the whole country were determined for the toxicities of 5 heavy metals and arsenic to Azotobacter sp. that resulted in 48 critical poisoning concentrations.     

花生根瘤菌的生长特性和脂肪酸组成研究(英文)

用73株慢生根瘤菌B．Japonicum、B．elkanii和B．"intermedium"为对照．对22株花生根瘤菌的生长速度、产碱能力和细胞脂肪酸组成进行了测定．结果表明：花生根瘤菌属于慢生根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobiumsp．arachis）；除花生根瘤菌含有比大豆根瘤菌（B．japonicum）较高的脂肪酸16：1w5c（16个碳原子1个双键的脂肪酸）而外，花生根瘤菌与大豆根疚菌相似，表明了他们在系统发育及进化方向上的一致性．细胞脂肪酸分析法是根瘤菌系统发育研究中一种简便而可信的方法．     

华山松松茎象幼虫的危害及其防治研究

华山松松茎象是南岳景区松树上新发现的一种重要害虫,该虫严重危害华山松和黑松.本文介绍了其幼虫的取食危害特点及防治方法.该虫幼虫取食华山松和黑松的韧皮部,同时取食新鲜的松脂,越冬后的幼虫仅靠取食新鲜松脂就能正常发育,并化蛹、羽化.单株虫口数量与松树树干基部直径呈明显正相关,即树干基部直径在10.0~20.0 cm 、20.1~25.0 cm 、25.1~35.0 cm之间的松树,平均单株有虫数量分别为1.0头株-1、1.98头株-1和3.30头.株-1.在5~10月间,采用人工清除幼虫的方法可有效地控制该虫的危害,采用化学药剂防治该虫效果不明显.     

Two-Step Cultivation Method for Microbial Disintegration of Tire Rubber Particles

A rubber-degrading strain of Nocardia was cultured on tread rubber particles from a truck tire by a two-step cultivation method. At the first step, the culture medium was either not agitated or stirred at very slow rate of 40 rpm for one or 2 weeks. At the second step, the culture medium was stirred at relatively higher stirring rate of 150 or 300 rpm for seven or six weeks. It was found that the rate of disintegration was greatly increased and the weight losses of the particles with diameters of about 2.3 mm were as high as 40% in the two-step method and only 20–30% in a one-step method in which the stirring rate was kept constant throughout the culture period. With this method, microbial colonization and disintegration were depressed particularly at the corners of the cubic particles and characteristic protuberant structures were observed at the corners after the removal of microbial cells by washing.     

Methylopila sp.SD-1与大豆联合修复苯磺隆污染土壤

分离得到1株苯磺隆降解菌株SD-1,根据表型、生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因序列分析,将其鉴定为Methylopila sp.SD-1,为首次报道能够降解苯磺隆的Methylopila属菌株,其在4d内完全降解50mg/L苯磺隆,最适降解温度、pH值分别为30℃和7.0,降解中间产物对大豆的毒性显著降低.大豆根系分泌物能促进菌株SD-1的生长,培养5d,菌株SD-1的数量由1.0×10⁷CFU/mL增至6.7×10⁷CFU/mL.分泌物中含有16种氨基酸,菌株SD-1对其中的Asp、Glu和Phe表现出明显的趋化性.接种菌悬液至苯磺隆污染土壤（3mg/kg）并种植大豆幼苗,培养4d,菌株SD-1依赖趋化性向大豆根系运动并定殖,存活率提高,根际土壤中苯磺隆的降解率相较于未种植大豆的处理提高36.0%.     

假交替单胞菌对EH40/B10电偶腐蚀的影响

目的研究假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonassp.,P.sp.)对EH40/B10电偶腐蚀的影响。方法利用电化学工作站测试EH40/B10电偶电流、电偶电位及开路电位,利用扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜分别观察浸泡21天后EH40、B10表面的腐蚀形貌和生物膜,并且测定体系的溶解氧浓度、pH和P.sp.的数量。结果无菌体系的电偶电流远大于有菌体系,无菌体系的理论驱动电压也大于有菌体系。从腐蚀形貌来看,无菌体系中偶接B10比未偶接腐蚀得轻,而在有菌体系中是否偶接对EH40和B10的腐蚀形貌影响不大。无菌体系的溶解氧浓度远高于有菌体系,且有菌体系的pH比无菌体系低。结论 EH40/B10在无菌体系中的电偶腐蚀速率远大于在有菌体系,主要是因为P.sp.呼吸作用消耗氧气以及在电极表面形成生物膜从而抑制了电偶腐蚀。此外,在无菌体系中偶接B10受到了阴极保护,比未偶接腐蚀得轻,而在有菌体系中,是否偶接对EH40和B10的腐蚀影响不大,电偶腐蚀效应不明显。     

降解毒死蜱曲霉Y的分离和降解效能测定

毒死蜱在灭菌土壤、施用过和未施用过毒死蜱的土壤中的降解速率测定表明：土壤中的微生物在毒死蜱的降解中起着重要的作用。同时，毒死蜱在连续使用后，降解速度大大加快，说明毒死蜱可诱发降解菌的产生，从连续使用毒死蜱的土壤中分离了1株可降解毒死蝗的真菌曲霉Y。测定了曲霉Y在不同接菌量、不同温度、不同毒死蜱浓度及不同碳源浓度下对毒死蜱的降解能力，同时，还测定了曲霉Y其他杀虫剂的降解能力。图6参13。     

我国蚕豆根瘤菌的多样性和系统发育研究

采用数值分类、16S rDNA PCR-RFLP、IGS PCR-RFLP等方法对分离自我国11个省的50株蚕豆根瘤菌及11株参比菌株进行了表型测定和遗传型研究,同时对5株蚕豆根瘤菌的代表菌株进行了16S rDNA全序列测定.表型测定的结果表明,在80%的相似水平上供试菌株分为4个群,各群间存在地区交叉;16S rDNA PCR-RFLP的聚类结果与数值分类的聚类结果有很好的一致性;IGSRFLP反映的多样性更明显,形成的遗传群较多,可用于菌株间的鉴别.实验结果表明我国蚕豆根瘤菌具有极大的表型多样性和遗传多样性.系统发育研究结果表明,蚕豆根瘤菌的代表菌株均位于快生根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)系统发育分支,与R.leguminosarum USDA2370的全序列相似性达99.9%,说明蚕豆根瘤菌属于Rhizobium,系豌豆根瘤菌的一个生物型.图4表3参12